Location List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - normal, detailed
Example - /locations/?mode=detailed
Filters
Parameters - active, country_code, id, name, name__contains, total_landing_count, total_landing_count__gt, total_landing_count__gte, total_landing_count__lt, total_landing_count__lte, total_launch_count, total_launch_count__gt, total_launch_count__gte, total_launch_count__lt, total_launch_count__lte
Example - /locations/?country_code=NZL
Search
Fields searched - country__alpha_3_code, name
Example - /locations/?search=Cape Canaveral
Ordering
Fields - name, total_landing_count, total_launch_count
Example - /locations/?ordering=-total_launch_count
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /locations/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /locations/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/locations/?format=api&ordering=total_landing_count
{ "count": 69, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/?format=api&limit=10&offset=10&ordering=total_landing_count", "previous": null, "results": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 164, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/164/?format=api", "name": "Koonibba Test Range, South Australia", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 34, "name": "Australia", "alpha_2_code": "AU", "alpha_3_code": "AUS", "nationality_name": "Australian", "nationality_name_composed": "Australo" }, "description": "The Koonibba Test Range is a rocket test range site near the township of Koonibba in the far west of South Australia. Rockets are launched to the north over a clear area – the Yumbarra Conservation Park and Yellabinna Wilderness Protection Area – for 145 kilometres (90 mi).", "image": { "id": 2087, "name": "SR75 liftoff (Maiden Flight)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sr-75_liftoff__image_20240503065630.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sr-75_liftoff__image_thumbnail_20240503065630.jpeg", "credit": "Southern Launch", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_koonibba_test_range252c_south_australia_20231114184328.jpg", "longitude": 133.448686, "latitude": -31.885558, "timezone_name": "Australia/Adelaide", "total_launch_count": 1, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 166, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/166/?format=api", "name": "Spaceport Kii, Japan", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 28, "name": "Japan", "alpha_2_code": "JP", "alpha_3_code": "JPN", "nationality_name": "Japanese", "nationality_name_composed": "Nippo" }, "description": "Spaceport Kii is a commercial spaceport located in Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture in Japan.", "image": { "id": 2218, "name": "KAIROS liftoff (maiden flight)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kairos_liftoff__image_20240919170124.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kairos_liftoff__image_thumbnail_20240919170124.jpeg", "credit": "Kyodo News", "license": { "id": 22, "name": "Kyodo News Copyright", "priority": 6, "link": "https://english.kyodonews.net/copyright.html" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_space_port_kii252c_japan_20240126073749.jpg", "longitude": 135.8895, "latitude": 33.5443, "timezone_name": "Asia/Tokyo", "total_launch_count": 3, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 157, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/157/?format=api", "name": "SaxaVord Spaceport", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 10, "name": "United Kingdom", "alpha_2_code": "GB", "alpha_3_code": "GBR", "nationality_name": "British", "nationality_name_composed": "Brito" }, "description": "SaxaVord Spaceport is a UK spaceport located on the Lamba Ness peninsula on Unst, the most northerly of the inhabited Shetland Islands off the coast of Scotland. The site is near the RAF Saxa Vord radar station and the settlement of Skaw, adjacent to the Saxa Vord distillery.", "image": { "id": 2213, "name": "SaxaVord Spaceport", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/saxavord_spacep_image_20240919164412.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/saxavord_spacep_image_thumbnail_20240919164413.jpeg", "credit": "SaxaVord", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_saxavord_spaceport_20211102161146.jpg", "longitude": -0.7692, "latitude": 60.8184, "timezone_name": "Europe/London", "total_launch_count": 0, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 156, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/156/?format=api", "name": "Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex, South Australia", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 34, "name": "Australia", "alpha_2_code": "AU", "alpha_3_code": "AUS", "nationality_name": "Australian", "nationality_name_composed": "Australo" }, "description": "Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex is a rocket-launching facility operated by Southern Launch at Whalers Way, in the locality of Sleaford near Port Lincoln on South Australia's Eyre Peninsula.", "image": { "id": 2228, "name": "Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/whalers_way_orb_image_20240920084054.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/whalers_way_orb_image_thumbnail_20240920084054.jpeg", "credit": "Southern Launch", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_whalers_way_orbital_launch_complex_20210910042508.jpg", "longitude": 135.65, "latitude": -34.91, "timezone_name": "Australia/Adelaide", "total_launch_count": 1, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 152, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/152/?format=api", "name": "RAAF Woomera Range Complex", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 34, "name": "Australia", "alpha_2_code": "AU", "alpha_3_code": "AUS", "nationality_name": "Australian", "nationality_name_composed": "Australo" }, "description": "The RAAF Woomera Range Complex (WRC) is a major Australian military and civil aerospace facility and operation located in South Australia, approximately 450 km (280 mi) north-west of Adelaide. The WRC is operated by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), a Service of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The complex has a land area of 122,188 km2 (47,177 sq mi) or roughly the size of North Korea or Pennsylvania. The airspace above the area is restricted and controlled by the RAAF for safety and security. The WRC is a highly specialised ADF test and evaluation capability operated by the RAAF for the purposes of testing defence materiel.", "image": { "id": 2208, "name": "Europa I on Launch Area 6A", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/europa_i_on_lau_image_20240918171901.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/europa_i_on_lau_image_thumbnail_20240918171901.jpeg", "credit": "ELDO", "license": { "id": 2, "name": "ESA Standard Licence", "priority": 2, "link": "https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_152_20200803142502.jpg", "longitude": 136.5322, "latitude": -30.9553, "timezone_name": "Australia/Adelaide", "total_launch_count": 6, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 150, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/150/?format=api", "name": "Alcântara Space Center, Federative Republic of Brazil", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 24, "name": "Brazil", "alpha_2_code": "BR", "alpha_3_code": "BRA", "nationality_name": "Brazilian", "nationality_name_composed": "Brazilian" }, "description": "The Alcântara Space Center, formerly known as Alcântara Launch Center is a space center and launching facility of the Brazilian Space Agency in the city of Alcântara, located on Brazil's northern Atlantic coast, in the state of Maranhão.", "image": { "id": 2136, "name": "VLS Pad at the Alcântara Space Center", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vls_pad_at_the__image_20240808093113.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vls_pad_at_the__image_thumbnail_20240808093114.jpeg", "credit": "AEB", "license": { "id": 27, "name": "CC BY-ND 3.0", "priority": 0, "link": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/deed.en" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_150_20200803142405.jpg", "longitude": -44.4175, "latitude": -2.339444, "timezone_name": "America/Fortaleza", "total_launch_count": 4, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 147, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/147/?format=api", "name": "Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Centre, French Algeria", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": false, "country": { "id": 1, "name": "France", "alpha_2_code": "FR", "alpha_3_code": "FRA", "nationality_name": "French", "nationality_name_composed": "Franco" }, "description": "The Centre Interarmées d'Essais d'Engins Spéciaux was France's first space launch and ballistic missile testing facility. Outside France, the facility is often referred to by the name of the nearest town, Hammaguir. It was established on 24 April 1947, by ministerial decree as the Special Weapons Test Center (CEES, Centre d'essais d'engins spéciaux) for use by the French Army. In 1948, it was turned over to the French Air Force, who renamed it CIEES. Its remote location in the middle of the Saharan Desert and its relative closeness to the Equator (compared with Metropolitan France) made it an attractive launch site for missiles and orbital rockets.", "image": { "id": 2135, "name": "Diamant on the Hammaguir pad", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/diamant_on_the__image_20240808091939.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/diamant_on_the__image_thumbnail_20240808091941.jpeg", "credit": "SIRPA-ECPA", "license": { "id": 26, "name": "CNES Image Use Policy", "priority": 2, "link": "https://phototheque.cnes.fr/cnes/info2.do" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_147_20240808092142.jpg", "longitude": -3.055278, "latitude": 30.778056, "timezone_name": "Africa/Algiers", "total_launch_count": 4, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 181, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/181/?format=api", "name": "Bowen Orbital Spaceport", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 34, "name": "Australia", "alpha_2_code": "AU", "alpha_3_code": "AUS", "nationality_name": "Australian", "nationality_name_composed": "Australo" }, "description": "Private orbital launch facility owned and operated by Gilmour Space.", "image": { "id": 1732, "name": "Eris on the launch pad (Maiden Flight)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/eris_on_the_lau_image_20250227073032.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/eris_on_the_lau_image_thumbnail_20250227073032.jpeg", "credit": "Gilmour Space", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_bowen_orbital_spaceport_20250227073649.jpg", "longitude": 148.1129553, "latitude": -19.958151, "timezone_name": "Australia/Brisbane", "total_launch_count": 1, "total_landing_count": 0 }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 146, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/146/?format=api", "name": "Svobodny Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7651, "successful_launches": 7094, "failed_launches": 557, "total_attempted_landings": 1384, "successful_landings": 1335, "failed_landings": 49 }, "active": false, "country": { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" }, "description": "Svobodny was a Russian rocket launch site located approximately 15 km north of Svobodny, Amur Oblast. The cosmodrome was originally constructed as a launch site for intercontinental ballistic missiles called Svobodny-18. It was initially selected as a replacement for Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, which became independent as Kazakhstan after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 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It is a base for scientific research with high-altitude balloons, investigation of the aurora borealis, sounding rocket launches, and satellite tracking. Built in 1964 by ESRO, one of the predecessors of the European Space Agency, the site is currently operated by the Swedish Space Corporation. 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