Spacecraft List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - normal, detailed
Example - /spacecraft/?mode=detailed
Filters
Parameters - in_space, is_placeholder, name, spacecraft_config, status
Example - /spacecraft/?is_placeholder=True
Search
Fields searched - name, spacecraft_config__name
Example - /spacecraft/?search=Endeavour
Ordering
Fields - flights_count, id, mission_ends_count, time_docked, time_in_space
Example - /spacecraft/?ordering=-flights_count
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /spacecraft/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /spacecraft/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/spacecraft/?format=api&offset=40&ordering=-mission_ends_count
{ "count": 596, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/?format=api&limit=10&offset=50&ordering=-mission_ends_count", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/?format=api&limit=10&offset=30&ordering=-mission_ends_count", "results": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 356, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/356/?format=api", "name": "Progress M-17", "serial_number": "Progress M-17 (No.217)", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P336DT23H53M47S", "time_docked": "P132DT10H20M24S", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Progress M-17 (Russian: Прогресс М-17), was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the space station Mir.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 35, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/35/?format=api", "name": "Progress-M", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 2, "name": "Progress", "description": "The Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver the supplies needed to sustain a human presence in orbit.", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1978-01-20" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 307, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/307/?format=api", "name": "Progress M-54", "serial_number": "Progress M-54 (No.354)", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P176DT44M6S", "time_docked": "P173DT19H24M", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Progress M-54 (Russian: Прогресс М-54), identified by NASA as Progress 19 or 19P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 35, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/35/?format=api", "name": "Progress-M", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 2, "name": "Progress", "description": "The Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver the supplies needed to sustain a human presence in orbit.", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1978-01-20" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 338, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/338/?format=api", "name": "Progress M-35", "serial_number": "Progress M-35 (No.235)", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P94DT13H11M6S", "time_docked": "P80DT4H58M22S", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Progress M-35 (Russian: Прогресс М-35), was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the space station Mir.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 35, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/35/?format=api", "name": "Progress-M", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 2, "name": "Progress", "description": "The Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver the supplies needed to sustain a human presence in orbit.", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1978-01-20" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 606, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/606/?format=api", "name": "Ship 34", "serial_number": "S34", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 2334, "name": "Starship Ship 34 static fire", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_ship_3_image_20250221072318.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_ship_3_image_thumbnail_20250221072319.jpeg", "credit": "SpaceX", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT13M", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Destroyed" }, "description": "Ship 34 (S34) is the 2nd stage vehicle used for the eighth Starship flight test. It is the second \"Block 2\" Starship spacecraft with lengthened propellant tanks and forward flaps with a new design, among other enhancements.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 26, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/26/?format=api", "name": "Starship", "type": { "id": 6, "name": "Reuseable Upper Stage" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "abbrev": "SpX", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "family": [], "in_use": true, "image": { "id": 1935, "name": "[AUTO] Starship - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_image_20231116184708.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194201.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 320, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/320/?format=api", "name": "Progress M1-7", "serial_number": "Progress M1-7 (No.256)", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1922, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M1 - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m1_image_20231219142545.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194139.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P113DT7H2M48S", "time_docked": "P110DT22H", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Progress M1-7 (Russian: Прогресс М1-7), identified by NASA as Progress 6 or 6P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 36, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/36/?format=api", "name": "Progress-M1", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 2, "name": "Progress", "description": "The Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver the supplies needed to sustain a human presence in orbit.", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1978-01-20" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1922, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M1 - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m1_image_20231219142545.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194139.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 170, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/170/?format=api", "name": "Cygnus NG-10", "serial_number": null, "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1910, "name": "Cygnus Enhanced", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cygnus2520enhanced_image_20190207032513.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194119.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P100DT3M38S", "time_docked": "P81DT5H48M", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Cygnus NG-10, previously known as CRS OA-10E, is the eleventh flight of the Northrop Grumman unmanned resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its tenth flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. The mission launched on 17 November 2018 at 4:01 AM EST. This particular mission is part of an extension of the initial CRS contract that enables NASA to cover the ISS resupply needs until the Commercial Resupply Services 2 contract enters in effect.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 19, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/19/?format=api", "name": "Cygnus Enhanced", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 257, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/257/?format=api", "name": "Northrop Grumman Space Systems", "abbrev": "NGSS", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 3, "name": "Cygnus", "description": "Cygnus is an expendable American cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation but manufactured and launched by Northrop Grumman Space Systems as part of NASA's Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) program", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 257, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/257/?format=api", "name": "Northrop Grumman Space Systems", "abbrev": "NGSS", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "2013-09-18" } ], "in_use": true, "image": { "id": 1910, "name": "Cygnus Enhanced", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cygnus2520enhanced_image_20190207032513.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194119.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 172, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/172/?format=api", "name": "Kounotori 2", "serial_number": "HTV-2", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1082, "name": "HTV-4 captured by Canadarm2", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/htv-4_captured__image_20240325122159.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/htv-4_captured__image_thumbnail_20240325122159.jpeg", "credit": "JAXA/NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P66DT21H31M3S", "time_docked": "P60D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Kounotori 2 , also known as HTV-2, was launched in January 2011 and was the second Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It was launched by the H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 2 (H-IIB F2) manufactured by MHI and JAXA. After the supplies were unloaded, Kounotori 2 was loaded with waste material from ISS, including used experiment equipment and used clothes. Kounotori 2 was then unberthed and separated from the ISS and burned up upon reentering the atmosphere on 30 March 2011.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 18, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/18/?format=api", "name": "H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV)", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "abbrev": "JAXA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 4, "name": "HTV", "description": "The H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), also called Kounotori, is an expendable, automated cargo spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "abbrev": "JAXA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "2009-09-10" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1082, "name": "HTV-4 captured by Canadarm2", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/htv-4_captured__image_20240325122159.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/htv-4_captured__image_thumbnail_20240325122159.jpeg", "credit": "JAXA/NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 316, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/316/?format=api", "name": "Progress M-47", "serial_number": "Progress M-47 (No.247)", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P206DT13H37M20S", "time_docked": "P204DT7H59M", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Progress M-47 (Russian: Прогресс М-47), identified by NASA as Progress 10 or 10P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 35, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/35/?format=api", "name": "Progress-M", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 2, "name": "Progress", "description": "The Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver the supplies needed to sustain a human presence in orbit.", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1978-01-20" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 294, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/294/?format=api", "name": "Progress M-67", "serial_number": "Progress M-67 (No.367)", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1921, "name": "[AUTO] Progress-M - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress-m_image_20231219141001.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194137.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P64DT23H22M4S", "time_docked": "P53DT20H13M", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Progress M-67 (Russian: Прогресс М-67), identified by NASA as Progress 34 or 34P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 35, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/35/?format=api", "name": "Progress-M", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 2, "name": "Progress", "description": "The Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. 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