Pad List
Filters
Parameters - active, agencies_ids, id, id__contains, latitude__gt, latitude__gte, latitude__lt, latitude__lte, location__id, location__name, location__name__contains, longitude__gt, longitude__gte, longitude__lt, longitude__lte, name, name__contains, orbital_launch_attempt_count, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gte, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lte, total_launch_count, total_launch_count__gt, total_launch_count__gte, total_launch_count__lt, total_launch_count__lte
Example - /pads/?location__id=11
Search
Fields searched - location__name, name, orbital_launch_attempt_count, total_launch_count
Example - /pads/?search=39A
Ordering
Fields - id, location__id, location__name, name, orbital_launch_attempt_count, total_launch_count
Example - /pads/?ordering=-orbital_launch_attempt_count
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /pads/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /pads/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/pads/?format=api&offset=20&ordering=orbital_launch_attempt_count
{ "count": 244, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/?format=api&limit=10&offset=30&ordering=orbital_launch_attempt_count", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/?format=api&limit=10&offset=10&ordering=orbital_launch_attempt_count", "results": [ { "id": 210, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/210/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "Unknown Pad", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": null, "latitude": -39.260881, "longitude": 177.865826, "country": { "id": 51, "name": "New Zealand", "alpha_2_code": "NZ", "alpha_3_code": "NZL", "nationality_name": "Kiwi", "nationality_name_composed": "Kiwi" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_210_20230819165718.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0, "fastest_turnaround": null, "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 10, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/10/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1, Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7462, "successful_launches": 6908, "failed_launches": 554, "total_attempted_landings": 1285, "successful_landings": 1238, "failed_landings": 47 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 51, "name": "New Zealand", "alpha_2_code": "NZ", "alpha_3_code": "NZL", "nationality_name": "Kiwi", "nationality_name_composed": "Kiwi" }, "description": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1 is a commercial spaceport located close to Ahuriri Point at the southern tip of Māhia Peninsula, on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is owned and operated by private spaceflight company Rocket Lab and supports launches of the company's Electron rocket for small satellites. With the launch of Electron on 25 May 2017, it became the first private spaceport to host an orbital launch attempt, and the first site in New Zealand to host an orbital launch attempt. With the Electron launch of 21 January 2018, it became the first private spaceport to host a successful orbital launch.", "image": { "id": 2206, "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rocket_lab_laun_image_20240918164228.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rocket_lab_laun_image_thumbnail_20240918164228.jpeg", "credit": "Rocket Lab", "license": { "id": 7, "name": "Rocket Lab Image Use Policy", "priority": 3, "link": "https://www.rocketlabusa.com/about/gallery/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_10_20200803142509.jpg", "longitude": 177.86586, "latitude": -39.26085, "timezone_name": "Pacific/Auckland", "total_launch_count": 74, "total_landing_count": 17 } }, { "id": 201, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/201/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "Launch Complex", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutherland_spaceport", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=58.022058,-4.402414", "latitude": 58.022058, "longitude": -4.402414, "country": { "id": 10, "name": "United Kingdom", "alpha_2_code": "GB", "alpha_3_code": "GBR", "nationality_name": "British", "nationality_name_composed": "Brito" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_201_20220511181044.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0, "fastest_turnaround": null, "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 159, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/159/?format=api", "name": "Sutherland Spaceport", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7462, "successful_launches": 6908, "failed_launches": 554, "total_attempted_landings": 1285, "successful_landings": 1238, "failed_landings": 47 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 10, "name": "United Kingdom", "alpha_2_code": "GB", "alpha_3_code": "GBR", "nationality_name": "British", "nationality_name_composed": "Brito" }, "description": "The Sutherland spaceport is a spaceport to be located in Sutherland in Scotland.", "image": { "id": 2220, "name": "Sutherland Spaceport render", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sutherland_spac_image_20240919170737.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sutherland_spac_image_thumbnail_20240919170737.jpeg", "credit": "NORR / HIE", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_sutherland_spaceport_20220511180155.jpg", "longitude": -4.5121, "latitude": 58.5107, "timezone_name": "Europe/London", "total_launch_count": 0, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, { "id": 174, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/174/?format=api", "active": false, "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 161, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "abbrev": "USAF", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" }, "featured": false, "country": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "description": "The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Signal Corps, the USAF was established as a separate branch of the United States Armed Forces in 1947 with the enactment of the National Security Act of 1947.", "administrator": "Commander-in-Chief: President of the US", "founding_year": 1947, "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image": null, "logo": { "id": 193, "name": "[AUTO] United States Air Force - logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united2520states2520air2520force_logo_20230804084626.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185152.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "social_logo": { "id": 99, "name": "[AUTO] United States Air Force - social_logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united2520states2520air2520force_nation_20230804085132.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184855.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } } ], "name": "Space Launch Complex 330", "image": null, "description": "In June 2020, Relativity Space announced it plans to develop a second launch pad at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California to launch payloads into polar orbits and Sun-synchronous orbits, including the Iridium satellite launches, between 2023 and 2030.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_Space#Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base_Building_330", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.572855,-120.632976", "latitude": 34.572855, "longitude": -120.632976, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_174_20200803143354.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0, "fastest_turnaround": null, "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 11, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7462, "successful_launches": 6908, "failed_launches": 554, "total_attempted_landings": 1285, "successful_landings": 1238, "failed_landings": 47 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "image": { "id": 2226, "name": "Vandenberg SFB imaged by Sentinel-2", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vandenberg_sfb__image_20240920082910.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vandenberg_sfb__image_thumbnail_20240920082910.jpeg", "credit": "Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2020", "license": { "id": 33, "name": "Copernicus Image Use Policy", "priority": 0, "link": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R1159" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "longitude": -120.52023, "latitude": 34.75133, "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 871, "total_landing_count": 33 } }, { "id": 110, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/110/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "Andersen Air Force Base", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=13.581111,144.924444", "latitude": 13.581111, "longitude": 144.924444, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_110_20200803143558.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0, "fastest_turnaround": null, "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 20, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/20/?format=api", "name": "Air launch to orbit", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7462, "successful_launches": 6908, "failed_launches": 554, "total_attempted_landings": 1285, "successful_landings": 1238, "failed_landings": 47 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 17, "name": "Unknown", "alpha_2_code": "??", "alpha_3_code": "???", "nationality_name": "Earthling", "nationality_name_composed": "Earthling" }, "description": "", "image": { "id": 33, "name": "Virgin Orbit LauncherOne", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/virgin2520orbit_image_20200101110056.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184714.jpeg", "credit": "Virgin Orbit", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_20_20200803142433.jpg", "longitude": null, "latitude": null, "timezone_name": "", "total_launch_count": 51, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, { "id": 68, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/68/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "Unknown Pad", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": 45.92, "longitude": 63.342, "country": { "id": 44, "name": "Kazakhstan", "alpha_2_code": "KZ", "alpha_3_code": "KAZ", "nationality_name": "Kazakh", "nationality_name_composed": "Kazakhstani" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_68_20200803143521.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0, "fastest_turnaround": null, "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 15, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7462, "successful_launches": 6908, "failed_launches": 554, "total_attempted_landings": 1285, "successful_landings": 1238, "failed_landings": 47 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 44, "name": "Kazakhstan", "alpha_2_code": "KZ", "alpha_3_code": "KAZ", "nationality_name": "Kazakh", "nationality_name_composed": "Kazakhstani" }, "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "image": { "id": 2198, "name": "Soyuz launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_launch_pa_image_20240918150530.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_launch_pa_image_thumbnail_20240918150530.jpeg", "credit": "NASA/Bill Ingalls", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "longitude": 63.305, "latitude": 45.965, "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1561, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, { "id": 48, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/48/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 163, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/163/?format=api", "name": "Russian Aerospace Defence Forces", "abbrev": "VKO", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" }, "featured": false, "country": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "description": null, "administrator": null, "founding_year": null, "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "image": null, "logo": null, "social_logo": null } ], "name": "Unknown Pad", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.925556,40.577778", "latitude": 62.925556, "longitude": 40.577778, "country": { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_48_20200803143459.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0, "fastest_turnaround": null, "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 6, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7462, "successful_launches": 6908, "failed_launches": 554, "total_attempted_landings": 1285, "successful_landings": 1238, "failed_landings": 47 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" }, "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. 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