Launch List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /launches/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - agency_launch_attempt_count, agency_launch_attempt_count__gt, agency_launch_attempt_count__gte, agency_launch_attempt_count__lt, agency_launch_attempt_count__lte, agency_launch_attempt_count_year, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, day, id, include_suborbital, is_crewed, last_updated__gte, last_updated__lte, launch_designator, launcher_config__id, location__ids, location_launch_attempt_count, location_launch_attempt_count__gt, location_launch_attempt_count__gte, location_launch_attempt_count__lt, location_launch_attempt_count__lte, location_launch_attempt_count_year, location_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, location_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, location_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, location_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, lsp__id, lsp__name, mission__orbit__celestial_body__id, mission__orbit__name, mission__orbit__name__icontains, month, name, net__gt, net__gte, net__lt, net__lte, orbital_launch_attempt_count, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gte, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lte, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, pad, pad__location, pad__location__celestial_body__id, pad_launch_attempt_count, pad_launch_attempt_count__gt, pad_launch_attempt_count__gte, pad_launch_attempt_count__lt, pad_launch_attempt_count__lte, pad_launch_attempt_count_year, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, program, related_lsp__id, related_lsp__name, rocket__configuration__full_name, rocket__configuration__full_name__icontains, rocket__configuration__id, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name__icontains, rocket__configuration__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__id, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name__icontains, serial_number, slug, spacecraft_config__ids, status, status__ids, video_url, window_end__gt, window_end__gte, window_end__lt, window_end__lte, window_start__gt, window_start__gte, window_start__lt, window_start__lte, year
Example - /launches/?pad__location=13
Search
Fields searched - launch_designator, launch_service_provider__name, mission__name, name, pad__location__name, pad__name, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__abbrev, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name, rocket__configuration__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name
Example - /launches/?search=Starlink
Ordering
Fields - id, last_updated, name, net
Example - /launches/?ordering=-last_updated
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /launches/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /launches/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/launches/?format=api&offset=150&ordering=-last_updated
{ "count": 464, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/?format=api&limit=10&offset=160&ordering=-last_updated", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/?format=api&limit=10&offset=140&ordering=-last_updated", "results": [ { "id": "800351fd-0bfb-4473-a07c-f19161976877", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/800351fd-0bfb-4473-a07c-f19161976877/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | SPHEREx & PUNCH", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-spherex-punch", "launch_designator": "2025-047", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-03-13T03:58:34Z", "net": "2025-03-12T03:10:12Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "window_end": "2025-03-12T03:10:27Z", "window_start": "2025-03-12T03:09:57Z", "image": { "id": 2349, "name": "Falcon 9 liftoff from SLC-4E (SPHEREX & Punch)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon_9_liftof_image_20250312070405.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon_9_liftof_image_thumbnail_20250312070405.jpeg", "credit": "SpaceX", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": 90, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "abbrev": "SpX", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "rocket": { "id": 2828, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 164, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Falcon" }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 176, "name": "Falcon 9" } ], "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 1235, "name": "SPHEREx & PUNCH", "type": "Astrophysics", "description": "SPHEREx is a planned two-year astrophysics mission to survey the sky in the near-infrared light, which, though not visible to the human eye, serves as a powerful tool for answering cosmic questions involving the birth of the universe, and the subsequent development of galaxies.\r\n\r\nIt also will search for water and organic molecules – essentials for life as we know it – in regions where stars are born from gas and dust, known as stellar nurseries, as well as disks around stars where new planets could be forming. Astronomers will use the mission to gather data on more than 300 million galaxies, as well as more than 100 million stars in our own Milky Way galaxy.\r\n\r\nNASA’s Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission will share a ride to space with SPHEREx. It consists of four suitcase-sized satellites, which will focus on the Sun’s outer atmosphere (the corona) and how it generates the solar wind. The spacecraft also will track coronal mass ejections – large eruptions of solar material that can drive large space weather events near Earth – to better understand their evolution and develop new techniques for predicting such eruptions.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" }, "featured": true, "country": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": 1958, "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image": { "id": 19, "name": "[AUTO] National Aeronautics and Space Administration - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184631.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "logo": { "id": 161, "name": "[AUTO] National Aeronautics and Space Administration - logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185043.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "social_logo": { "id": 76, "name": "[AUTO] National Aeronautics and Space Administration - social_logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_nation_20230803040809.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184823.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "total_launch_count": 141, "consecutive_successful_launches": 11, "successful_launches": 121, "failed_launches": 20, "pending_launches": 6, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "successful_landings_spacecraft": 178, "failed_landings_spacecraft": 2, "attempted_landings_spacecraft": 180, "successful_landings_payload": 0, "failed_landings_payload": 0, "attempted_landings_payload": 0, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration", "social_media_links": [] } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 16, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/16/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "Space Launch Complex 4E", "image": { "id": 1342, "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | SARah 2 & 3 from SLC-4E", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon2520925_image_20231223073520.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305192449.jpeg", "credit": "SpaceX", "license": { "id": 5, "name": "CC BY-NC 2.0", "priority": 1, "link": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "description": "Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) is a launch site at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, U.S.\r\n\r\nThe pad was previously used by Atlas and Titan rockets between 1963 and 2005. The pad was built for use by Atlas-Agena rockets, but was later rebuilt to handle Titan rockets.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_4#SLC-4E", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.632,-120.611", "latitude": 34.632, "longitude": -120.611, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_16_20200803143532.jpg", "total_launch_count": 199, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 199, "fastest_turnaround": "P2DT22H21M10S", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 11, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7188, "successful_launches": 6643, "failed_launches": 545, "total_attempted_landings": 1129, "successful_landings": 1084, "failed_landings": 45 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "image": { "id": 2226, "name": "Vandenberg SFB imaged by Sentinel-2", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vandenberg_sfb__image_20240920082910.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vandenberg_sfb__image_thumbnail_20240920082910.jpeg", "credit": "Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2020", "license": { "id": 33, "name": "Copernicus Image Use Policy", "priority": 0, "link": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R1159" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "longitude": -120.52023, "latitude": 34.75133, "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 813, "total_landing_count": 26 } }, "webcast_live": false, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6897, "location_launch_attempt_count": 794, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 182, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 478, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 48, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 29 }, { "id": "1bb05be3-e862-44e2-8aac-0120a46904de", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/1bb05be3-e862-44e2-8aac-0120a46904de/?format=api", "name": "Long March 8 | G60 Polar Group 05", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "long-march-8-g60-polar-group-05", "launch_designator": "2025-046", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-03-13T02:53:29Z", "net": "2025-03-11T16:38:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "window_end": "2025-03-11T17:05:00Z", "window_start": "2025-03-11T16:31:00Z", "image": { "id": 2350, "name": "CZ-8 liftoff (G60 Polar Group 05 )", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_20250312135321.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_thumbnail_20250312135321.jpeg", "credit": "SpaceLens", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 88, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "abbrev": "CASC", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "rocket": { "id": 8426, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 462, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/462/?format=api", "name": "Long March 8", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 106, "name": "Long March" }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 115, "name": "Long March 8" } ], "full_name": "Long March 8", "variant": "8" } }, "mission": { "id": 7015, "name": "G60 Polar Group 05", "type": "Communications", "description": "18 Low Earth Orbit communication satellites with Ku, Q and V band payloads for the G60 constellation operated by Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology (SSST) with funding backed by the Shanghai local government.\r\n\r\nInitial constellation will consist of 1296 satellites by 2027 with long term plans to expand it to 12000 satellites.\r\n\r\nFirst launch from the Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site's LC-1.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 13, "name": "Polar Orbit", "abbrev": "PO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 218, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/218/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "Commercial LC-1", "image": null, "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenchang_Commercial_Space_Launch_Site", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=19.597275,110.930753", "latitude": 19.597275, "longitude": 110.930753, "country": { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_commercial_lc-1_20231225074041.jpg", "total_launch_count": 1, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1, "fastest_turnaround": null, "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 8, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/8/?format=api", "name": "Wenchang Space Launch Site, People's Republic of China", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7188, "successful_launches": 6643, "failed_launches": 545, "total_attempted_landings": 1129, "successful_landings": 1084, "failed_landings": 45 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" }, "description": "The Wenchang Space Launch Site is a rocket launch site located in Wenchang on the island of Hainan, in China.\r\n\r\nFormally a suborbital test center, it currently serves as China's southernmost spaceport. The site was selected for its low latitude, 19° north of the equator, allowing for larger payloads to be launched. It is capable of launching the Long March 5, the heaviest Chinese rocket. Unlike launch facilities on the mainland, Wenchang uses its seaport for deliveries.", "image": { "id": 2019, "name": "CZ-8 liftoff from pad 201 (Queqiao-2)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_20240320175819.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_thumbnail_20240320175820.jpeg", "credit": "秦英健/Qin Yingjian", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_8_20200803142445.jpg", "longitude": 110.951133, "latitude": 19.614492, "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 39, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, "webcast_live": false, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6896, "location_launch_attempt_count": 36, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 510, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 47, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 9 }, { "id": "cb233fad-863c-428a-80b0-4c28d31670c5", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/cb233fad-863c-428a-80b0-4c28d31670c5/?format=api", "name": "Long March 3B/E | TJSW-15", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "long-march-3be-tjsw-15", "launch_designator": "2025-045", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-03-13T01:48:32Z", "net": "2025-03-09T17:17:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "window_end": "2025-03-09T17:42:00Z", "window_start": "2025-03-09T17:07:00Z", "image": { "id": 1770, "name": "[AUTO] Long March 3 - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long2520march25203_image_20190222031215.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305193722.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 88, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "abbrev": "CASC", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "rocket": { "id": 8550, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 50, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/50/?format=api", "name": "Long March 3", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 106, "name": "Long March" }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 110, "name": "Long March 3" } ], "full_name": "Long March 3B/E", "variant": "B/E" } }, "mission": { "id": 7141, "name": "TJSW-15", "type": "Government/Top Secret", "description": "Chinese classified satellite claimed to be for communication technology test purposes. 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