Launch List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /launches/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - agency_launch_attempt_count, agency_launch_attempt_count__gt, agency_launch_attempt_count__gte, agency_launch_attempt_count__lt, agency_launch_attempt_count__lte, agency_launch_attempt_count_year, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, day, id, include_suborbital, is_crewed, last_updated__gte, last_updated__lte, launch_designator, launcher_config__id, location__ids, location_launch_attempt_count, location_launch_attempt_count__gt, location_launch_attempt_count__gte, location_launch_attempt_count__lt, location_launch_attempt_count__lte, location_launch_attempt_count_year, location_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, location_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, location_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, location_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, lsp__id, lsp__name, mission__orbit__celestial_body__id, mission__orbit__name, mission__orbit__name__icontains, month, name, net__gt, net__gte, net__lt, net__lte, orbital_launch_attempt_count, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gte, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lte, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, pad, pad__location, pad__location__celestial_body__id, pad_launch_attempt_count, pad_launch_attempt_count__gt, pad_launch_attempt_count__gte, pad_launch_attempt_count__lt, pad_launch_attempt_count__lte, pad_launch_attempt_count_year, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, program, related_lsp__id, related_lsp__name, rocket__configuration__full_name, rocket__configuration__full_name__icontains, rocket__configuration__id, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name__icontains, rocket__configuration__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__id, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name__icontains, serial_number, slug, spacecraft_config__ids, status, status__ids, video_url, window_end__gt, window_end__gte, window_end__lt, window_end__lte, window_start__gt, window_start__gte, window_start__lt, window_start__lte, year
Example - /launches/?pad__location=13
Search
Fields searched - launch_designator, launch_service_provider__name, mission__name, name, pad__location__name, pad__name, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__abbrev, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name, rocket__configuration__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name
Example - /launches/?search=Starlink
Ordering
Fields - id, last_updated, name, net
Example - /launches/?ordering=-last_updated
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /launches/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /launches/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/launches/?format=api&offset=100&ordering=-id
{ "count": 461, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/?format=api&limit=10&offset=110&ordering=-id", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/?format=api&limit=10&offset=90&ordering=-id", "results": [ { "id": "cb0c27fd-496c-4f74-aa04-9c0e5af33e3c", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/cb0c27fd-496c-4f74-aa04-9c0e5af33e3c/?format=api", "name": "Epsilon S | JV-LOTUSat-1", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "epsilon-s-jv-lotusat-1", "launch_designator": null, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-26T02:56:47Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "image": { "id": 1731, "name": "[AUTO] Epsilon - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/epsilon_image_20190207032600.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305193620.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "abbrev": "JAXA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "rocket": { "id": 63, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 115, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/115/?format=api", "name": "Epsilon S", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 78, "name": "Epsilon" } ], "full_name": "Epsilon S", "variant": "S" } }, "mission": { "id": 6983, "name": "JV-LOTUSat-1", "type": "Earth Science", "description": "Vietnamese Synthetic Aperture Radar Earth observation satellite build by NEC Corporation of Japan, based on Japan's ASNARO 2 satellite and the NEXTAR NX-300L satellite bus. The satellite will contribute to measures against natural disasters and climate change in Vietnam.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 47, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/47/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "abbrev": "JAXA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" }, "featured": true, "country": [ { "id": 28, "name": "Japan", "alpha_2_code": "JP", "alpha_3_code": "JPN", "nationality_name": "Japanese", "nationality_name_composed": "Nippo" } ], "description": "The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan's national aero-space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and the launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions, such as asteroid exploration and possible manned exploration of the Moon. JAXA launch their Epsilon vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center and their H-II vehicles from the Tanegashima Space Center.", "administrator": "Administrator: Hiroshi Yamakawa", "founding_year": 2003, "launchers": "H-II", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image": { "id": 16, "name": "[AUTO] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_image_20190207032440.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184621.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "logo": { "id": 151, "name": "[AUTO] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_logo_20190207032440.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185023.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "social_logo": { "id": 69, "name": "[AUTO] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - social_logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_nation_20230531052930.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184813.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } } ], "name": "Mu Center", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchinoura_Space_Center", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=31.2509794,131.0821319", "latitude": 31.2509794, "longitude": 131.0821319, "country": { "id": 28, "name": "Japan", "alpha_2_code": "JP", "alpha_3_code": "JPN", "nationality_name": "Japanese", "nationality_name_composed": "Nippo" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_47_20200803143524.jpg", "total_launch_count": 36, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 36, "fastest_turnaround": "P143DT23H", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 24, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/24/?format=api", "name": "Uchinoura Space Center, Japan", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7272, "successful_launches": 6725, "failed_launches": 547, "total_attempted_landings": 1181, "successful_landings": 1136, "failed_landings": 45 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 28, "name": "Japan", "alpha_2_code": "JP", "alpha_3_code": "JPN", "nationality_name": "Japanese", "nationality_name_composed": "Nippo" }, "description": "The Uchinoura Space Center is a space launch facility in the Japanese town of Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Prefecture. All of Japan's scientific satellites were launched from Uchinoura prior to the M-V launch vehicles being decommissioned in 2006. It continues to be used for suborbital launches, stratospheric balloons and has also been used for the Epsilon orbital launch vehicle. Additionally, the center has antennas for communication with interplanetary space probes.", "image": { "id": 2225, "name": "Uchinoura Space Center, Japan", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/uchinoura_space_image_20240920082429.JPG", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/uchinoura_space_image_thumbnail_20240920082429.jpeg", "credit": "Ippukucho", "license": { "id": 19, "name": "CC BY 3.0", "priority": 4, "link": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_24_20200803142411.jpg", "longitude": 131.081944, "latitude": 31.251944, "timezone_name": "Asia/Tokyo", "total_launch_count": 43, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, "webcast_live": false, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7174, "location_launch_attempt_count": 45, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 38, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 39, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 325, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 3 }, { "id": "cad4ded9-6f24-4b6c-b4ed-b5dca4613cdd", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/cad4ded9-6f24-4b6c-b4ed-b5dca4613cdd/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | NAOS", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-naos", "launch_designator": "2025-188", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-08-27T06:29:17Z", "net": "2025-08-26T18:53:41Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "window_end": "2025-08-26T19:20:00Z", "window_start": "2025-08-26T18:53:00Z", "image": { "id": 1736, "name": "[AUTO] Falcon 9 - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon_9_image_20230807133459.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305193628.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "abbrev": "SpX", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "rocket": { "id": 2136, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 164, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Falcon" }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 176, "name": "Falcon 9" } ], "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 6777, "name": "NAOS", "type": "Government/Top Secret", "description": "NAOS (National Advanced Optical System) is the space component of Luxembourg's governmental dual-use observation satellite system LUXEOSys (Luxembourg Earth Observation System). Its purpose is to provide high resolution images to national and international governmental and military organizations such as NATO.\r\n\r\nThe 800 kg satellite is built by OHB Italia and is equipped with a very high-resolution optical camera with a ground reolution of 50 cm in an around 450 km high sun-synchronous orbit. It will have a operational life time of 7 years.\r\n\r\nAlso on board the launch is Dhruva Space's LEAP-1; Planet's Pelican-3 and Pelican-4; and Exolaunch’s Acadia-6, FFLY-1, FFLY-2, and FFLY-3.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 16, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/16/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "Space Launch Complex 4E", "image": { "id": 1342, "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | SARah 2 & 3 from SLC-4E", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon2520925_image_20231223073520.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305192449.jpeg", "credit": "SpaceX", "license": { "id": 5, "name": "CC BY-NC 2.0", "priority": 1, "link": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "description": "Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) is a launch site at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, U.S.\r\n\r\nThe pad was previously used by Atlas and Titan rockets between 1963 and 2005. The pad was built for use by Atlas-Agena rockets, but was later rebuilt to handle Titan rockets.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_4#SLC-4E", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.632,-120.611", "latitude": 34.632, "longitude": -120.611, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_16_20200803143532.jpg", "total_launch_count": 216, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 216, "fastest_turnaround": "P2DT22H21M10S", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 11, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7272, "successful_launches": 6725, "failed_launches": 547, "total_attempted_landings": 1181, "successful_landings": 1136, "failed_landings": 45 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "image": { "id": 2226, "name": "Vandenberg SFB imaged by Sentinel-2", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vandenberg_sfb__image_20240920082910.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vandenberg_sfb__image_thumbnail_20240920082910.jpeg", "credit": "Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2020", "license": { "id": 33, "name": "Copernicus Image Use Policy", "priority": 0, "link": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R1159" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "longitude": -120.52023, "latitude": 34.75133, "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 830, "total_landing_count": 28 } }, "webcast_live": false, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7043, "location_launch_attempt_count": 825, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 211, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 556, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 194, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 39, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 37, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 107 }, { "id": "ca78b818-63d5-4280-853e-478db107b022", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/ca78b818-63d5-4280-853e-478db107b022/?format=api", "name": "H-IIA 202 | IGS Radar 8", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "h-iia-202-igs-radar-8", "launch_designator": "2024-176", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-09-26T07:44:20Z", "net": "2024-09-26T05:24:20Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "window_end": "2024-09-26T05:25:21Z", "window_start": "2024-09-26T05:24:20Z", "image": { "id": 1482, "name": "H-IIA 202 liftoff (XRISM & SLIM)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/h-iia_202_lifto_image_20240325123250.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/h-iia_202_lifto_image_thumbnail_20240325123250.jpeg", "credit": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 98, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/98/?format=api", "name": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "abbrev": "MHI", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "rocket": { "id": 2999, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 32, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/32/?format=api", "name": "H-IIA", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 88, "name": "H-II" } ], "full_name": "H-IIA 202", "variant": "202" } }, "mission": { "id": 5896, "name": "IGS Radar 8", "type": "Government/Top Secret", "description": "The IGS Radar 8 is a Japanese radar reconnaissance satellite. The satellite is operated by the Cabinet Satellite Information Center. The satellite serves both Japan's national defense and civil natural disaster monitoring.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 41, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/41/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "abbrev": "JAXA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" }, "featured": true, "country": [ { "id": 28, "name": "Japan", "alpha_2_code": "JP", "alpha_3_code": "JPN", "nationality_name": "Japanese", "nationality_name_composed": "Nippo" } ], "description": "The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan's national aero-space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and the launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions, such as asteroid exploration and possible manned exploration of the Moon. 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