Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=720&ordering=-time_in_space
{ "count": 824, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=730&ordering=-time_in_space", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=710&ordering=-time_in_space", "results": [ { "id": 702, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/702/?format=api", "name": "Dylan Taylor", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 831, "name": "[AUTO] Dylan Taylor - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/dylan_taylor_image_20220606095053.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190906.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M13S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 54, "date_of_birth": "1970-10-23", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Dylan Taylor is chairman & CEO of Voyager Space, a global space exploration firm headquartered in Denver, and the founder of the global nonprofit Space for Humanity, which seeks to democratize access to space. He is also co-Founding Patron of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Taylor_(executive)", "last_flight": "2021-12-11T15:00:42Z", "first_flight": "2021-12-11T15:00:42Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 858, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/858/?format=api", "name": "Justin Sun", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 2424, "name": "Justin Sun image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/justin_sun_imag_image_20250721165133.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/justin_sun_imag_image_thumbnail_20250721165133.jpeg", "credit": "Blue Origin", "license": { "id": 37, "name": "Blue Origin Terms of Use", "priority": 6, "link": "https://www.blueorigin.com/terms-of-use" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M12S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 102, "name": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "alpha_2_code": "KN", "alpha_3_code": "KNA", "nationality_name": "Kittitian", "nationality_name_composed": "Kittitian" }, { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" } ], "bio": "Justin Sun is a Chinese-born Kittitian crypto billionaire and businessperson. He is the founder of TRON, a cryptocurrency with an associated blockchain DAO ecosystem and USDD, a stablecoin issued by TRON DAO Reserve.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Sun", "last_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "first_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 302, "social_media": { "id": 3, "name": "Homepage", "url": null, "logo": null }, "url": "https://www.hejustinsun.com/" }, { "id": 303, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://x.com/justinsuntron" }, { "id": 304, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/justinsun/" }, { "id": 305, "social_media": { "id": 4, "name": "LinkedIn", "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/", "logo": { "id": 2321, "name": "LinkedIn logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/linkedin_logo_image_20250211191111.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/linkedin_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191112.png", "credit": "LinkedIn", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/justinsuntron/" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 855, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/855/?format=api", "name": "Gökhan Erdem", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 2421, "name": "Gökhan Erdem image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/g25c325b6khan_image_20250721163829.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/g25c325b6khan_image_thumbnail_20250721163830.jpeg", "credit": "Blue Origin", "license": { "id": 37, "name": "Blue Origin Terms of Use", "priority": 6, "link": "https://www.blueorigin.com/terms-of-use" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M12S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 18, "name": "Turkey", "alpha_2_code": "TR", "alpha_3_code": "TUR", "nationality_name": "Turkish", "nationality_name_composed": "Turco" } ], "bio": "Turkish businessman and a board member of Erdem Holding, a diverse group of companies operating in the energy, telecommunications, construction, and manufacturing sectors. Outside of his professional responsibilities, Gökhan is a passionate space enthusiast and an avid photographer. Deeply inspired by space exploration, he dreams of one day traveling to the International Space Station and possibly even beyond.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "first_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 856, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/856/?format=api", "name": "Deborah Martorell", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 2422, "name": "Deborah Martorell image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/deborah_martore_image_20250721164208.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/deborah_martore_image_thumbnail_20250721164208.jpeg", "credit": "Blue Origin", "license": { "id": 37, "name": "Blue Origin Terms of Use", "priority": 6, "link": "https://www.blueorigin.com/terms-of-use" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M12S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 100, "name": "Puerto Rico", "alpha_2_code": "PR", "alpha_3_code": "PRI", "nationality_name": "Puerto Rican", "nationality_name_composed": "Puerto Rican" } ], "bio": "Puerto Rican meteorologist and journalist. Her reporting on environmental and space topics has garnered eight Emmy Awards and two Awards of Excellence in Science Reporting from the American Meteorological Society. Her passion for space led her to participate in a 2007 microgravity flight with NASA, extensively cover Puerto Rican astronauts Joe Acabá and Marcos Berríos, and report on missions including STS-119, Artemis 1, and the launch of Puerto Rico's first nanosatellite, CuNARD-2. She was selected for the International Institute for Astronautical Sciences’ project PoSSUM, and is also a Solar System Ambassador for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "first_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 298, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/deborahmartorell/" }, { "id": 299, "social_media": { "id": 7, "name": "Facebook", "url": "https://www.facebook.com/", "logo": { "id": 2420, "name": "Facebook logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/facebook_logo_image_20250721163611.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/facebook_logo_image_thumbnail_20250721163611.png", "credit": "Facebook", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.facebook.com/martorell.deborah/" }, { "id": 300, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://x.com/deborahtiempo" }, { "id": 301, "social_media": { "id": 4, "name": "LinkedIn", "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/", "logo": { "id": 2321, "name": "LinkedIn logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/linkedin_logo_image_20250211191111.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/linkedin_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191112.png", "credit": "LinkedIn", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/deborah-martorell-51ba63323/" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 857, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/857/?format=api", "name": "Lionel Pitchford", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 2423, "name": "Lionel Pitchford image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/lionel_pitchfor_image_20250721164626.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/lionel_pitchfor_image_thumbnail_20250721164626.jpeg", "credit": "Blue Origin", "license": { "id": 37, "name": "Blue Origin Terms of Use", "priority": 6, "link": "https://www.blueorigin.com/terms-of-use" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M12S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 10, "name": "United Kingdom", "alpha_2_code": "GB", "alpha_3_code": "GBR", "nationality_name": "British", "nationality_name_composed": "Brito" } ], "bio": "Englishman who has spent four decades in Spain working as a teacher, translator, and tour guide as a means to travel the world. In 1992, following a plane crash with his sister and her family onboard, Lionel founded a nonprofit in Nepal dedicated to serving disadvantaged children and girls. He’s also run an orphanage in Kathmandu for over 30 years.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "first_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 854, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/854/?format=api", "name": "Arvi Bahal", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 2419, "name": "Arvi Bahal image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/arvi_bahal_imag_image_20250721163357.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/arvi_bahal_imag_image_thumbnail_20250721163357.jpeg", "credit": "Blue Origin", "license": { "id": 37, "name": "Blue Origin Terms of Use", "priority": 6, "link": "https://www.blueorigin.com/terms-of-use" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M12S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 9, "name": "India", "alpha_2_code": "IN", "alpha_3_code": "IND", "nationality_name": "Indian", "nationality_name_composed": "Indo" }, { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Real estate investor born in Agra, India, and naturalized U.S. citizen. A lifelong traveler and adventurer, Arvi has visited every country in the world, the North and South Poles, and skydived Mount Everest and the Pyramids of Giza. He holds a private pilot’s license and also flies helicopters.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "first_flight": "2025-08-03T12:42:16Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 296, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/arvibahal/" }, { "id": 297, "social_media": { "id": 7, "name": "Facebook", "url": "https://www.facebook.com/", "logo": { "id": 2420, "name": "Facebook logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/facebook_logo_image_20250721163611.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/facebook_logo_image_thumbnail_20250721163611.png", "credit": "Facebook", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.facebook.com/arvibahal/" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 808, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/808/?format=api", "name": "Nicolina Elrick", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": null, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M8S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 10, "name": "United Kingdom", "alpha_2_code": "GB", "alpha_3_code": "GBR", "nationality_name": "British", "nationality_name_composed": "Brito" }, { "id": 69, "name": "Singapore", "alpha_2_code": "SG", "alpha_3_code": "SGP", "nationality_name": "Singaporean", "nationality_name_composed": "Singaporean" } ], "bio": "Nicolina is a philanthropist and entrepreneur whose career spans high fashion modeling to property development and founding multiple IT corporations in the 1990s. A graduate of CoachU and a vocal advocate for STEM education, she has dedicated her life to mentoring aspiring entrepreneurs. Her forthcoming biography, \"Grit, Diamonds, Stars,\" delves into her journey, offering insights into overcoming hardship with grace and determination. Based in Singapore, Nicolina is a certified helicopter pilot and a spirited explorer with a love for cars, fine wine, and the occasional cigar.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2024-08-29T13:07:03Z", "first_flight": "2024-08-29T13:07:03Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 219, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/therealnicolinae/" }, { "id": 220, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://x.com/nicolinaElrick" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 809, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/809/?format=api", "name": "Rob Ferl", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 2189, "name": "Rob Ferl portrait", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rob_ferl_portra_image_20240828202605.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rob_ferl_portra_image_thumbnail_20240828202605.jpeg", "credit": "ISS National Laboratory", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M8S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Rob is a distinguished professor and director of the Astraeus Space Institute at the University of Florida. 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