Modes

Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed

Example - /astronauts/?mode=list

Filters

Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id

Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true

Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name

Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet

Ordering

Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space

Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space

Number of results

Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)

Example - /astronauts/?limit=2

Format

Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json

Help

Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs

GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=650&ordering=-last_flight
HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "count": 805,
    "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=660&ordering=-last_flight",
    "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=640&ordering=-last_flight",
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 353,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/353/?format=api",
            "name": "Ronald McNair",
            "status": {
                "id": 4,
                "name": "Lost In Flight"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 676,
                "name": "[AUTO] Ronald McNair - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ronald2520mcnair_image_20181202104346.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190458.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P7DT23H17M8S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 35,
            "date_of_birth": "1950-10-21",
            "date_of_death": "1986-01-28",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Ronald Erwin McNair was an American physicist and NASA astronaut. He died during the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L, in which he was serving as one of three mission specialists. He is survived by his wife, Cheryl, and two children. His kids were Joy Charey Mcnair (Daughter) and Reginald Ervin Mcnair (son).",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McNair",
            "last_flight": "1986-01-28T16:38:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-02-03T13:00:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 2,
            "landings_count": 2,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 599,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/599/?format=api",
            "name": "Christa McAuliffe",
            "status": {
                "id": 4,
                "name": "Lost In Flight"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 278,
                "name": "[AUTO] Christa McAuliffe - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/christa2520mcauliffe_image_20181207232919.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185421.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "PT1M13S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 37,
            "date_of_birth": "1948-09-02",
            "date_of_death": "1986-01-28",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Sharon Christa McAuliffe (born Sharon Christa Corrigan; September 2, 1948 – January 28, 1986) was an American teacher and astronaut from Concord, New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe",
            "last_flight": "1986-01-28T16:38:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1986-01-28T16:38:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 342,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/342/?format=api",
            "name": "Dick Scobee",
            "status": {
                "id": 4,
                "name": "Lost In Flight"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 825,
                "name": "[AUTO] Dick Scobee - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/dick2520scobee_image_20181202103216.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190857.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P6DT23H41M13S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 46,
            "date_of_birth": "1939-05-19",
            "date_of_death": "1986-01-28",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Francis Richard Scobee was an American pilot and astronaut. He was killed commanding the Space Shuttle Challenger, which suffered catastrophic booster failure during launch of the STS-51-L mission.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Scobee",
            "last_flight": "1986-01-28T16:38:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-04-06T13:58:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 2,
            "landings_count": 2,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 370,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/370/?format=api",
            "name": "Michael J. Smith",
            "status": {
                "id": 4,
                "name": "Lost In Flight"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 398,
                "name": "[AUTO] Michael J. Smith - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael2520j.2520smith_image_20181202120414.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185741.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "PT1M13S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 40,
            "date_of_birth": "1945-04-30",
            "date_of_death": "1986-01-28",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Michael John Smith was an American astronaut—pilot of the Space Shuttle Challenger when it was destroyed during the STS-51-L mission. All seven crew members died.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Smith_(astronaut)",
            "last_flight": "1986-01-28T16:38:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1986-01-28T16:38:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 596,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/596/?format=api",
            "name": "Bill Nelson",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 641,
                "name": "[AUTO] Bill Nelson - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/bill2520nelson_image_20190211162351.jpeg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190404.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 4,
                "name": "Non-Astronaut Passenger"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P6DT2H3M",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 82,
            "date_of_birth": "1942-09-29",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Clarence William Nelson II (born September 29, 1942) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Florida, first elected to that seat in 2000. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1978 and in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1991. In January 1986, he became the second sitting member of Congress to fly in space when he served as a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Nelson",
            "last_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 597,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/597/?format=api",
            "name": "Robert J. Cenker",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 362,
                "name": "[AUTO] Robert J. Cenker - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/robert2520j.2520cenker_image_20190211162555.jpeg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185646.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 5,
                "name": "Payload Specialist"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P6DT2H3M",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 76,
            "date_of_birth": "1948-11-05",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Robert Joseph \"Bob\" Cenker (born November 5, 1948) is an American aerospace and electrical engineer, aerospace systems consultant, and former astronaut. Cenker worked for 18 years at RCA Astro-Electronics, and its successor company GE Astro Space, on a variety of spacecraft projects. He spent most of his career working on commercial communications satellites, including the Satcom, Spacenet and GStar programs.\r\n\r\nIn January 1986, Cenker was a crew member on the twenty-fourth mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program, the seventh flight of Space Shuttle Columbia, designated as mission STS-61-C. Cenker served as a Payload Specialist, representing RCA Astro-Electronics. This mission was the final flight before the Challenger disaster, which caused the Space Shuttle program to be suspended until 1988, and impacted NASA's Payload Specialist program for even longer. As a result, Cenker's mission was called \"The End of Innocence\" for the Shuttle program. Following the completion of his Shuttle mission, Cenker returned to work in the commercial aerospace field. Since his flight, he has made numerous public appearances representing NASA and the Shuttle program, in the United States, as well as internationally.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Cenker",
            "last_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 206,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/206/?format=api",
            "name": "Rodolfo Neri Vela",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 424,
                "name": "[AUTO] Rodolfo Neri Vela - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rodolfo2520neri2520vela_image_20181201182057.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185822.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P6DT21H4M",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 73,
            "date_of_birth": "1952-02-19",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "name": "Mexico",
                    "alpha_2_code": "MX",
                    "alpha_3_code": "MEX",
                    "nationality_name": "Mexican",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Mexico"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Rodolfo Neri Vela (born 19 February 1952) is a Mexican scientist and astronaut who flew aboard a NASA Space Shuttle mission in the year 1985. He is the first Mexican, and the second Latin American to have traveled to space.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolfo_Neri_Vela",
            "last_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 588,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/588/?format=api",
            "name": "Charles D. Walker",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 565,
                "name": "[AUTO] Charles D. Walker - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/charles2520d.2520walker_image_20181207221334.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190204.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P19DT21H54M33S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 76,
            "date_of_birth": "1948-08-29",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Charles David \"Charlie\" Walker (born August 29, 1948) is an American engineer who flew on three Space Shuttle missions in 1984 and 1985 as a Payload Specialist for the McDonnell Douglas Corporation. He is the first non-government individual to fly in space.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_D._Walker",
            "last_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-08-30T12:41:50Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 379,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/379/?format=api",
            "name": "Sherwood C. Spring",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 934,
                "name": "[AUTO] Sherwood C. Spring - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sherwood_c._spr_image_20220911034121.jpeg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191153.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P6DT21H4M",
            "eva_time": "PT12H13M",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1944-09-03",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Sherwood Clark \"Woody\" Spring is a retired United States Army colonel and former NASA astronaut. Spring is married with two children. He is the father of United States Olympian Justin Spring. Sherwood Spring has logged 165 hours in space, 12 of which were spent conducting spacewalks. Spring has also accumulated 3,500 hours in 25 different military and civilian aircraft; over 1,500 of those hours were spent in jet aircraft.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_C._Spring",
            "last_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 2
        },
        {
            "id": 109,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/109/?format=api",
            "name": "Reinhard Furrer",
            "status": {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "Deceased"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 29,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/29/?format=api",
                "name": "German Aerospace Center",
                "abbrev": "DLR",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 351,
                "name": "[AUTO] Reinhard Furrer - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/reinhard2520furrer_image_20181128231842.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185627.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P7DT44M",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 54,
            "date_of_birth": "1940-11-25",
            "date_of_death": "1995-09-09",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "name": "Germany",
                    "alpha_2_code": "DE",
                    "alpha_3_code": "DEU",
                    "nationality_name": "German",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Germano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Prof. Dr. Reinhard Alfred Furrer (25 November 1940 – 9 September 1995) was a German physicist and astronaut.\r\n\r\nIn 1977 Furrer applied for selection as an astronaut for the first Spacelab mission. He made it into the final round of candidates, although Ulf Merbold was finally selected. In 1982, the astronauts for the first German Spacelab mission were selected from the finalists for the first mission, and Furrer was one of the two chosen. He was a payload specialist on STS-61-A (D1), which was launched on 30 October 1985. The other payload specialists on the flight were Ernst Messerschmid and Wubbo Ockels (Netherlands).",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Furrer",
            "last_flight": "1985-10-30T17:00:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1985-10-30T17:00:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        }
    ]
}