Modes

Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed

Example - /astronauts/?mode=list

Filters

Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id

Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true

Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name

Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet

Ordering

Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space

Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space

Number of results

Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)

Example - /astronauts/?limit=2

Format

Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json

Help

Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs

GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=630&ordering=landings_count
HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "count": 813,
    "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=640&ordering=landings_count",
    "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=620&ordering=landings_count",
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 311,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/311/?format=api",
            "name": "Ken Mattingly",
            "status": {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "Deceased"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 649,
                "name": "[AUTO] Ken Mattingly - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ken_mattingly_image_20231103055657.jpeg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190416.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P21DT2H42M",
            "eva_time": "PT1H23M42S",
            "age": 87,
            "date_of_birth": "1936-03-17",
            "date_of_death": "2023-10-31",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Thomas Kenneth Mattingly II better known as Ken Mattingly, is a former American naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and astronaut who flew on the Apollo 16, STS-4 and STS-51-C missions. He had been scheduled to fly on Apollo 13, but was held back due to concerns about a potential illness (which he did not contract). He later flew as Command Module Pilot for Apollo 16, making him one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Mattingly",
            "last_flight": "1985-01-24T19:50:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1972-04-16T17:54:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": 355,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/355/?format=api",
            "name": "George Nelson",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 832,
                "name": "[AUTO] George Nelson - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/george2520nelson_image_20181202104538.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190908.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P17DT2H43M",
            "eva_time": "PT9H22M",
            "age": 74,
            "date_of_birth": "1950-07-13",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "George Driver \"Pinky\" Nelson is an American physicist, astronomer, science educator, and a former NASA astronaut.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Nelson_(astronaut)",
            "last_flight": "1988-09-29T15:37:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-04-06T13:58:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 2
        },
        {
            "id": 426,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/426/?format=api",
            "name": "Richard A. Searfoss",
            "status": {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "Deceased"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 675,
                "name": "[AUTO] Richard A. Searfoss - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/richard2520a.2520searfoss_image_20181202142311.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190456.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P39DT3H16M46S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 62,
            "date_of_birth": "1956-06-05",
            "date_of_death": "2018-09-29",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Richard Alan Searfoss was an American aviator who was United States Air Force colonel, NASA astronaut and test pilot.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_A._Searfoss",
            "last_flight": "1998-04-17T18:19:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1993-10-18T14:53:10Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 588,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/588/?format=api",
            "name": "Charles D. Walker",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 565,
                "name": "[AUTO] Charles D. Walker - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/charles2520d.2520walker_image_20181207221334.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190204.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P19DT21H54M33S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 76,
            "date_of_birth": "1948-08-29",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Charles David \"Charlie\" Walker (born August 29, 1948) is an American engineer who flew on three Space Shuttle missions in 1984 and 1985 as a Payload Specialist for the McDonnell Douglas Corporation. He is the first non-government individual to fly in space.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_D._Walker",
            "last_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-08-30T12:41:50Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 480,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/480/?format=api",
            "name": "Ed Lu",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 618,
                "name": "[AUTO] Ed Lu - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ed2520lu_image_20181202152640.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190326.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P205DT23H15M33S",
            "eva_time": "PT6H15M",
            "age": 61,
            "date_of_birth": "1963-07-01",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Edward Tsang \"Ed\" Lu (simplified Chinese: 卢杰; traditional Chinese: 盧傑; pinyin: Lú Jié) is an American physicist and former NASA astronaut. He flew on two Space Shuttle flights, and made an extended stay aboard the International Space Station.\r\n\r\nIn 2007, Lu retired from NASA to become the program manager of Google's Advanced Projects Team. In 2002, while still at NASA, Lu co-founded the B612 Foundation, dedicated to protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes, later serving as its chairman. As of 2014, he is currently its chief executive officer (CEO).",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Lu",
            "last_flight": "2003-04-26T03:53:52Z",
            "first_flight": "1997-05-15T08:07:48Z",
            "social_media_links": [
                {
                    "id": 39,
                    "social_media": {
                        "id": 1,
                        "name": "X",
                        "url": "https://x.com",
                        "logo": {
                            "id": 2320,
                            "name": "X logo",
                            "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg",
                            "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg",
                            "credit": "X",
                            "license": {
                                "id": 1,
                                "name": "Unknown",
                                "priority": 9,
                                "link": null
                            },
                            "single_use": true,
                            "variants": []
                        }
                    },
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/astroEdLu"
                }
            ],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": 26,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/26/?format=api",
            "name": "Gus Grissom",
            "status": {
                "id": 5,
                "name": "Lost In Training"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 836,
                "name": "[AUTO] Gus Grissom - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/gus2520grissom_image_20181128142030.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190914.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "PT16M",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 40,
            "date_of_birth": "1926-04-03",
            "date_of_death": "1967-01-27",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Lieutenant Colonel Virgil Ivan \"Gus\" Grissom was one of the seven original National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Project Mercury astronauts, and the first of the Mercury Seven to die. He was also a Project Gemini and an Apollo program astronaut. Grissom was the second American to fly in space, and the first member of the NASA Astronaut Corps to fly in space twice. In addition, Grissom was a World War II and Korean War veteran, U.S. Air Force test pilot, and a mechanical engineer. He was a recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross, and the Air Medal with an oak leaf cluster, a two-time recipient of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, and, posthumously, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus_Grissom",
            "last_flight": "1967-01-27T23:31:19Z",
            "first_flight": "1961-07-21T12:20:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 770,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/770/?format=api",
            "name": "Kelly Latimer",
            "status": {
                "id": 1,
                "name": "Active"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 1024,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1024/?format=api",
                "name": "Virgin Galactic",
                "abbrev": "VG",
                "type": {
                    "id": 5,
                    "name": "Private"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 558,
                "name": "[AUTO] Kelly Latimer - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kelly_latimer_image_20230718080208.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190153.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 3,
                "name": "Private"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "PT46M25S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": null,
            "date_of_birth": null,
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Pilot working for Virgin Galactic. First Spaceflight during the Galactic-02 Mission.",
            "wiki": null,
            "last_flight": "2023-11-02T15:44:00Z",
            "first_flight": "2023-08-10T15:17:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 113,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/113/?format=api",
            "name": "Yuri Gidzenko",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 63,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api",
                "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)",
                "abbrev": "RFSA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 268,
                "name": "[AUTO] Yuri Gidzenko - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yuri2520gidzenko_image_20181128232934.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185403.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P330DT2H56M8S",
            "eva_time": "PT3H34M",
            "age": 63,
            "date_of_birth": "1962-03-26",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "name": "Russia",
                    "alpha_2_code": "RU",
                    "alpha_3_code": "RUS",
                    "nationality_name": "Russian",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Russo"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko (Russian: Гидзенко, Юрий Павлович; born March 26, 1962) is a Russian cosmonaut. He was a test cosmonaut of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (TsPK). Gidzenko has flown into space three times and has lived on board the Mir and International Space Stations. He has also conducted two career spacewalks. Although he retired on July 15, 2001, he continued his employment by a special contract until Soyuz TM-34 concluded.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gidzenko",
            "last_flight": "2002-04-25T06:26:35Z",
            "first_flight": "1995-09-03T09:00:23Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 2
        },
        {
            "id": 256,
            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/256/?format=api",
            "name": "Aleksandr Skvortsov",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 63,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api",
                "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)",
                "abbrev": "RFSA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 555,
                "name": "[AUTO] Aleksandr Skvortsov - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/aleksandr2520skvortsov_image_20191231114359.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190148.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
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                    "alpha_3_code": "RUS",
                    "nationality_name": "Russian",
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                }
            ],
            "bio": "Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Skvortsov (Russian: Aлександр Aлександрович Скворцов; born May 6, 1966) is a Russian cosmonaut. He has had two spaceflights, which were long-duration missions aboard the International Space Station. His first spaceflight took place from April to September 2010, and was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-18. He arrived at the station part way through Expedition 23, of which Oleg Kotov was the Commander. When Expedition 24 began in June, Skvortsov became Commander.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Skvortsov_(cosmonaut)",
            "last_flight": "2019-07-20T16:28:21Z",
            "first_flight": "2010-04-02T04:04:33Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 2
        },
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            "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/273/?format=api",
            "name": "Mikhail Tyurin",
            "status": {
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                "name": "Retired"
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            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 63,
                "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api",
                "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)",
                "abbrev": "RFSA",
                "type": {
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            "image": {
                "id": 551,
                "name": "[AUTO] Mikhail Tyurin - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mikhail2520tyurin_image_20181201223437.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190141.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
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                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
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                "variants": []
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            "time_in_space": "P532DT2H51M49S",
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            "bio": "Mikhail Vladislavovich Tyurin (Russian: Михаил Владиславович Тюрин) (born March 2, 1960) is a former Russian cosmonaut who flew several missions to the International Space Station and completed four spacewalks during his career. He is called a hero of the Russian Federation for his work as a cosmonaut.\r\n\r\nIn 1994 he was selected to begin cosmonaut training, and in 1998 he started training as a flight engineer for the Expedition 3 crew. He also served as a backup crew member for the first ISS mission.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Tyurin",
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}