Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=550&ordering=-age
{ "count": 853, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=560&ordering=-age", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=540&ordering=-age", "results": [ { "id": 503, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/503/?format=api", "name": "Mike Massimino", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 210, "name": "[AUTO] Mike Massimino - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mike_massimino_image_20220911033638.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185226.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P23DT19H48M2S", "eva_time": "P1DT6H44M", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1962-08-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Michael James Massimino is an American professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University and a former NASA astronaut. He is the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.\r\n\r\nEarly life Massimino was born August 19, 1962 in Oceanside, New York, and raised in Franklin Square, New York, both on Long Island. He graduated from H. Frank Carey Junior-Senior High School in Franklin Square, New York in 1980. He went on to attend Columbia University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering in 1984. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating with a Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Master of Science degree in Technology and Public Policy in 1988. He continued his education at MIT, earning a Degree of Mechanical Engineer in 1990 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1992.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Massimino", "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "2002-03-01T11:22:02Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 18, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Mike" }, { "id": 19, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astromikemassimino/" } ], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 4 }, { "id": 221, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/221/?format=api", "name": "Philippe Perrin", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 46, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/46/?format=api", "name": "National Center of Space Research", "abbrev": "CNES", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 556, "name": "[AUTO] Philippe Perrin - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/philippe2520perrin_image_20181201190321.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190149.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P13DT20H35M56S", "eva_time": "PT21H45M", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1963-01-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 1, "name": "France", "alpha_2_code": "FR", "alpha_3_code": "FRA", "nationality_name": "French", "nationality_name_composed": "Franco" } ], "bio": "Philippe Perrin (Colonel, French Air Force) (born January 6, 1963) is a French test pilot and former CNES and European Space Agency astronaut.\r\nHe served as a mission specialist on the STS-111 mission in 2002 and logged over 332 hours in space, including 19 hours and 31 minutes in three spacewalks, performed with Franklin Chang-Diaz.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Perrin", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 3 }, { "id": 137, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/137/?format=api", "name": "José Hernández", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 534, "name": "[AUTO] José Hernández - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jos25c325a92520hern25c325a1ndez_image_20181129205354.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190112.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P13DT20H53M23S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1962-09-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "José Moreno Hernández is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. After three years and being turned down eleven times for astronaut training by NASA, Hernández was selected in May 2004. Hernández was assigned to the crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-128.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_M._Hernández", "last_flight": "2009-08-29T03:59:37Z", "first_flight": "2009-08-29T03:59:37Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 552, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/552/?format=api", "name": "Nicole Stott", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 372, "name": "[AUTO] Nicole Stott - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/nicole_stott_image_20220911034331.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185702.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P103DT5H48M59S", "eva_time": "PT6H35M", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1962-11-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Nicole Marie Passonno Stott is an American engineer and a NASA astronaut. She served as a Flight Engineer on ISS Expedition 20 and Expedition 21 and was a Mission Specialist on STS-128 and STS-133. After 27 years of working at NASA, the space agency announced her retirement effective June 1, 2015.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Stott", "last_flight": "2011-02-24T21:53:24Z", "first_flight": "2009-08-29T03:59:37Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 89, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Nicole" }, { "id": 90, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_nicole/" } ], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 543, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/543/?format=api", "name": "Barry E. Wilmore", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 732, "name": "[AUTO] Barry E. Wilmore - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/barry_e._wilmor_image_20220911034601.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190634.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P464DT8H2M36S", "eva_time": "P1DT7H2M", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1962-12-29", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Barry Eugene \"Butch\" Wilmore is a NASA astronaut and United States Navy test pilot. He has had two spaceflights, the first of which was an 11-day Space Shuttle mission in November 2009, to the International Space Station. Wilmore was designated as pilot with five other crew members on Space Shuttle Atlantis for the mission STS-129. He most recently served as part of Expedition 41 to the International Space Station.\r\n\r\nPrior to being selected as a NASA astronaut in July 2000, Wilmore was an experienced Navy test pilot. He also participated in the development of T-45 Goshawk trainer jet.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_E._Wilmore", "last_flight": "2024-06-05T14:52:15Z", "first_flight": "2009-11-16T19:28:09Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 5 }, { "id": 95, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/95/?format=api", "name": "Pedro Duque", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "abbrev": "ESA", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Multinational" } }, "image": { "id": 408, "name": "[AUTO] Pedro Duque - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/pedro2520duque_image_20181128225634.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185757.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P18DT18H46M23S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1963-03-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 7, "name": "Spain", "alpha_2_code": "ES", "alpha_3_code": "ESP", "nationality_name": "Spanish", "nationality_name_composed": "Hispano" } ], "bio": "Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, OF, OMSE (Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer, currently serving as Spain's Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities. He was the first Spanish astronaut.\r\n\r\nDuque underwent training in both Russia and the United States. His first spaceflight was as a mission specialist aboard space shuttle mission STS-95, during which Duque supervised ESA experimental modules. In October 2003, Duque visited the International Space Station on board of a Soyuz TMA Ship for several days during a crew changeover. The scientific program of this visit was called by ESA/Spain Misión Cervantes.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Duque", "last_flight": "2003-10-18T05:38:03Z", "first_flight": "1998-10-29T19:19:34Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 510, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/510/?format=api", "name": "Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 892, "name": "[AUTO] Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/heidemarie_stef_image_20220911033606.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191049.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P27DT15H35M26S", "eva_time": "P1DT9H42M", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1963-02-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Heidemarie Martha Stefanyshyn-Piper is an American Naval officer, engineer, and a former NASA astronaut. She has achieved the rank of Captain in the United States Navy. She is also a qualified and experienced salvage officer. Her major salvage projects include de-stranding the tanker Exxon Houston off the coast of Barbers Point, on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and developing the plan for the Peruvian Navy salvage of the Peruvian submarine Pacocha.\r\n\r\nStefanyshyn-Piper has received numerous honors and awards, such as the Meritorious Service Medal, two Navy Commendation Medals, and two Navy Achievement Medals. She has flown on two Space Shuttle missions, STS-115 and STS-126, during which she completed five spacewalks totaling 33 hours and 42 minutes. As of 2018, she ranks 39th on the all-time list of space walkers by duration.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper", "last_flight": "2008-11-15T00:55:39Z", "first_flight": "2006-09-09T15:14:55Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 5 }, { "id": 682, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/682/?format=api", "name": "Jeff Bezos", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 697, "name": "[AUTO] Jeff Bezos - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jeff_bezos_image_20220606095405.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190530.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 62, "date_of_birth": "1964-01-12", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Jeff Bezos is an American business magnate, media proprietor, and investor known for being the founder and CEO of the multi-national technology company Amazon. Bezos founded Blue Origin in 2000.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bezos", "last_flight": "2021-07-20T13:12:00Z", "first_flight": "2021-07-20T13:12:00Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 104, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/JeffBezos" }, { "id": 105, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/jeffbezos/" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 549, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/549/?format=api", "name": "Timothy Kopra", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 590, "name": "[AUTO] Timothy Kopra - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/timothy_kopra_image_20220911033908.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190242.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P244DT1H1M41S", "eva_time": "PT12H31M", "age": 62, "date_of_birth": "1963-04-09", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Timothy Lennart \"Tim\" Kopra is an engineer, a Colonel in the United States Army and a retired NASA astronaut. He served aboard the International Space Station as a flight engineer for Expedition 20, returning to Earth aboard Space Shuttle Discovery on the STS-128 mission on September 11, 2009. 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He is the husband of former Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, and is an author, political activist, and aerospace executive and consultant.\r\n\r\nA naval aviator, Kelly flew combat missions during the Gulf War. He was selected to become a NASA Space Shuttle pilot in 1996 and flew his first mission in 2001 as pilot of STS-108. He piloted STS-121 in 2006 and commanded STS-124 in 2008 and STS-134 in 2011. STS-134 was his final mission and the final mission of Space Shuttle Endeavour.\r\n\r\nHis wife was the target of an attempted assassination in Tucson, Arizona, on January 8, 2011. After the shooting, in which six people were killed, both Kelly and Giffords were thrust into the media spotlight. His wife's shooting led to a broad national conversation ranging from the duties of a husband to what is acceptable civil discourse.\r\n\r\nKelly's identical twin brother, Scott Kelly, is also an astronaut. The Kelly brothers are the only known siblings to have both traveled in space. 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