Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=472&ordering=status
{ "count": 819, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=482&ordering=status", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=462&ordering=status", "results": [ { "id": 75, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/75/?format=api", "name": "Patrick Baudry", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 46, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/46/?format=api", "name": "National Center of Space Research", "abbrev": "CNES", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 826, "name": "[AUTO] Patrick Baudry - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/patrick2520baudry_image_20181128222518.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190859.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT1H38M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 79, "date_of_birth": "1946-03-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 1, "name": "France", "alpha_2_code": "FR", "alpha_3_code": "FRA", "nationality_name": "French", "nationality_name_composed": "Franco" } ], "bio": "Patrick Pierre Roger Baudry (born March 6, 1946 in Cameroon), is a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the French Air Force and a former CNES astronaut. In 1985, he became the second French citizen in space, after Jean-Loup Chrétien, when he flew aboard NASA's Space Shuttle mission STS-51-G.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Baudry", "last_flight": "1985-06-17T11:33:00Z", "first_flight": "1985-06-17T11:33:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 10, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/10/?format=api", "name": "Terry W. Virts", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 827, "name": "[AUTO] Terry W. Virts - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/terry_w._virts_image_20220911033815.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190900.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P213DT10H50M38S", "eva_time": "PT19H2M", "age": 57, "date_of_birth": "1967-12-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Terry W. Virts Jr. is a former NASA astronaut, and Colonel in the United States Air Force.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_W._Virts", "last_flight": "2014-11-23T21:01:14Z", "first_flight": "2010-02-08T09:14:08Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 177, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/AstroTerry" }, { "id": 178, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_terry/" } ], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 3 }, { "id": 449, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/449/?format=api", "name": "John M. Grunsfeld", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 829, "name": "[AUTO] John M. Grunsfeld - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/john2520m.2520grunsfeld_image_20181202144850.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190903.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P58DT15H3M26S", "eva_time": "P2DT10H30M", "age": 66, "date_of_birth": "1958-10-10", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "John Mace Grunsfeld is an American physicist and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and has served as NASA Chief Scientist. His academic background includes research in high energy astrophysics, cosmic ray physics and the emerging field of exoplanet studies with specific interest in future astronomical instrumentation. After retiring from NASA in 2009, he served as the Deputy Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. In January 2012, he returned to NASA and served as associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). Grunsfeld announced his retirement from NASA in April 2016.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Grunsfeld", "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "1995-03-02T06:38:13Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 85, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/SciAstro" } ], "flights_count": 5, "landings_count": 5, "spacewalks_count": 8 }, { "id": 352, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/352/?format=api", "name": "Shannon Lucid", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 830, "name": "[AUTO] Shannon Lucid - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shannon2520lucid_image_20181202104248.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190904.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P223DT2H50M6S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 82, "date_of_birth": "1943-01-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Shannon Matilda Wells Lucid is an American biochemist and a retired NASA astronaut. At one time, she held the record for the longest duration stay in space by an American, as well as by a woman. She has flown in space five times including a prolonged mission aboard the Mir space station in 1996; she is the only American woman to have served aboard Mir.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_Lucid", "last_flight": "1996-03-22T08:13:04Z", "first_flight": "1985-06-17T11:33:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 5, "landings_count": 5, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 355, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/355/?format=api", "name": "George Nelson", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 832, "name": "[AUTO] George Nelson - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/george2520nelson_image_20181202104538.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190908.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P17DT2H43M", "eva_time": "PT9H22M", "age": 75, "date_of_birth": "1950-07-13", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "George Driver \"Pinky\" Nelson is an American physicist, astronomer, science educator, and a former NASA astronaut.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Nelson_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "1988-09-29T15:37:00Z", "first_flight": "1984-04-06T13:58:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 2 }, { "id": 531, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/531/?format=api", "name": "Barbara Morgan", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 837, "name": "[AUTO] Barbara Morgan - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/barbara_morgan_image_20220911034043.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190916.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P12DT17H56M18S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 73, "date_of_birth": "1951-11-28", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Barbara Radding Morgan is an American teacher and a former NASA astronaut. She participated in the Teacher in Space program as backup to Christa McAuliffe for the 1986 ill-fated STS-51-L mission of the Space Shuttle Challenger. She then trained as a Mission Specialist, and flew on STS-118 in August 2007.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Morgan", "last_flight": "2007-08-08T22:36:42Z", "first_flight": "2007-08-08T22:36:42Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 563, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/563/?format=api", "name": "Jack D. Fischer", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 839, "name": "[AUTO] Jack D. Fischer - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jack2520d.2520fischer_image_20181203172235.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190919.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P135DT18H8M15S", "eva_time": "PT7H6M", "age": 51, "date_of_birth": "1974-01-23", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Jack David Fischer is an American engineer, test pilot and a former NASA astronaut.[2] Fischer was selected in June 2009 as a member of the NASA Astronaut Group 20 and qualified as an astronaut in 2011. He made his first spaceflight in April 2017, as a flight engineer for Expedition 51/52 on the International Space Station.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_D._Fischer", "last_flight": "2017-04-20T07:13:45Z", "first_flight": "2017-04-20T07:13:45Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 77, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Astro2fish" }, { "id": 78, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astro2fish/" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 2 }, { "id": 134, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/134/?format=api", "name": "Thomas Hennen", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 840, "name": "[AUTO] Thomas Hennen - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/thomas2520hennen_image_20181129204858.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190921.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT22H50M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 72, "date_of_birth": "1952-08-17", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Chief Warrant Officer 4 Thomas John Hennen is a United States Army warrant officer and NASA astronaut who flew aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-44 as a Payload Specialist.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Hennen", "last_flight": "1991-11-24T23:44:00Z", "first_flight": "1991-11-24T23:44:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 526, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/526/?format=api", "name": "Timothy Creamer", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 843, "name": "[AUTO] Timothy Creamer - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/timothy2520creamer_image_20181203163824.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190925.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P163DT5H33M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 65, "date_of_birth": "1959-11-15", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Timothy \"TJ\" Creamer is a NASA flight director, retired astronaut and a colonel in the United States Army.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Creamer", "last_flight": "2009-12-20T21:52:00Z", "first_flight": "2009-12-20T21:52:00Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 179, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/TimothyCreamer" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 155, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/155/?format=api", "name": "Georgi Ivanov", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 845, "name": "[AUTO] Georgi Ivanov - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/georgi2520ivanov_image_20181129231428.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190928.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P1DT23H1M6S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 85, "date_of_birth": "1940-07-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 40, "name": "Bulgaria", "alpha_2_code": "BG", "alpha_3_code": "BGR", "nationality_name": "Bulgarian", "nationality_name_composed": "Bulgaro" } ], "bio": "Major general Georgi Ivanov Kakalov (Bulgarian: Георги Иванов Какалов; born July 2, 1940) is a Bulgarian former military officer who was the first Bulgarian cosmonaut. \r\n\r\nIvanov, along with Soviet cosmonaut Nikolai Rukavishnikov, was launched into space as part of the Soyuz 33 mission from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 10, 1979, at 17:34 (GMT). The scientific program for the flight was prepared entirely by Bulgarian scientists, along with some of the equipment.\r\n\r\nThough take-off was smooth, the mission was a disaster, with severe damage of the engine preventing docking in orbit to Salyut 6 orbital station as it was initially planned. A premature return to Earth became the only possible decision for Ivanov and Rukavishnikov. Due to some additional technical problems landing was difficult to endure-more than 9Gs. When Soyuz 33 finally landed, it was 320 kilometres (200 mi) southeast of Dzhezkazgan. It completed 31 orbits, and was in space for 1 day, 23 hours, and 1 minute. The flight remains the only example for manual landing and is thus quoted in every astronautic textbook.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Ivanov_(cosmonaut)", "last_flight": "1979-04-10T17:34:34Z", "first_flight": "1979-04-10T17:34:34Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 } ] }
