Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=320&ordering=flights_count
{ "count": 853, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=330&ordering=flights_count", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=310&ordering=flights_count", "results": [ { "id": 663, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/663/?format=api", "name": "Denis Matveev", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 650, "name": "[AUTO] Denis Matveev - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/denis_matveev_image_20220316173450.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190418.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P194DT19H1M41S", "eva_time": "P1DT2H6M", "age": 42, "date_of_birth": "1983-04-23", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Denis Vladimirovich Matveev is a Russian cosmonaut. He received his degree in computing and networks from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 2006. After graduation, Matveev began working at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia as a junior research assistant. He was promoted to engineer in 2009. Matveev was selected as a cosmonaut in 2010. He was appointed to begin training on October 12, 2010 and was named a test cosmonaut on July 31, 2012.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Matveev", "last_flight": "2022-03-18T15:55:19Z", "first_flight": "2022-03-18T15:55:19Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 4 }, { "id": 101, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/101/?format=api", "name": "Bertalan Farkas", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 783, "name": "[AUTO] Bertalan Farkas - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/bertalan2520farkas_image_20181128230711.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190752.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT20H45M44S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 76, "date_of_birth": "1949-08-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 31, "name": "Hungary", "alpha_2_code": "HU", "alpha_3_code": "HUN", "nationality_name": "Hungarian", "nationality_name_composed": "Hungarian" } ], "bio": "Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut and the first Esperantist in space. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade. With Charles Simonyi's space travel, Farkas is no longer the only Hungarian who has been to space (he is still the only astronaut, as Simonyi flew as a space tourist).", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertalan_Farkas", "last_flight": "1980-05-26T18:20:39Z", "first_flight": "1980-05-26T18:20:39Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 314, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/314/?format=api", "name": "William R. Pogue", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 361, "name": "[AUTO] William R. Pogue - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520r.2520pogue_image_20181202091951.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185644.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P84DT1H15M30S", "eva_time": "PT13H34M", "age": 84, "date_of_birth": "1930-01-23", "date_of_death": "2014-03-03", "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "William Reid Pogue was an American astronaut, U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, and test pilot who was also an accomplished teacher, public speaker and author.\r\n\r\nBorn and educated in Oklahoma, Pogue graduated from college and enlisted in the United States Air Force, in which he served for 24 years. He flew combat during the Korean War, and with the elite USAF Thunderbirds. He served as a flight instructor and mathematics professor, and was a versatile test pilot, including two years in an exchange with the RAF (UK).\r\n\r\nColonel Pogue was an Air Force instructor when accepted into NASA in 1966. His astronaut career included one orbital mission, as pilot of the last crew of Skylab. The crew set a duration record (84 days) that was unbroken in NASA for over 20 years, and in orbit they conducted dozens of research experiments. The mission was also noted for a dispute with ground control over schedule management that news media named “The Skylab Mutiny”.\r\n\r\nPogue retired from both the USAF and NASA a few months after he returned from Skylab. Over the next 30 plus years he taught, lectured, consulted, and wrote about aviation and aeronatics, in the US and abroad. He died in 2014, age 84, survived by three children, four stepsons, and his third wife.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Pogue", "last_flight": "1973-11-16T14:01:23Z", "first_flight": "1973-11-16T14:01:23Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 2 }, { "id": 142, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/142/?format=api", "name": "Robert Hines", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 329, "name": "[AUTO] Robert Hines - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/robert2520hines_image_20181129205955.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185553.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P170DT13H2M8S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 51, "date_of_birth": "1975-01-11", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Robert \"Bob\" Thomas Hines, Jr. is an American fighter pilot and NASA astronaut of the class of 2017.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hines_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2022-04-27T07:52:55Z", "first_flight": "2022-04-27T07:52:55Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 597, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/597/?format=api", "name": "Robert J. Cenker", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 362, "name": "[AUTO] Robert J. Cenker - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/robert2520j.2520cenker_image_20190211162555.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185646.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Payload Specialist" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P6DT2H3M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 77, "date_of_birth": "1948-11-05", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Robert Joseph \"Bob\" Cenker (born November 5, 1948) is an American aerospace and electrical engineer, aerospace systems consultant, and former astronaut. Cenker worked for 18 years at RCA Astro-Electronics, and its successor company GE Astro Space, on a variety of spacecraft projects. He spent most of his career working on commercial communications satellites, including the Satcom, Spacenet and GStar programs.\r\n\r\nIn January 1986, Cenker was a crew member on the twenty-fourth mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program, the seventh flight of Space Shuttle Columbia, designated as mission STS-61-C. Cenker served as a Payload Specialist, representing RCA Astro-Electronics. This mission was the final flight before the Challenger disaster, which caused the Space Shuttle program to be suspended until 1988, and impacted NASA's Payload Specialist program for even longer. As a result, Cenker's mission was called \"The End of Innocence\" for the Shuttle program. Following the completion of his Shuttle mission, Cenker returned to work in the commercial aerospace field. Since his flight, he has made numerous public appearances representing NASA and the Shuttle program, in the United States, as well as internationally.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Cenker", "last_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z", "first_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 678, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/678/?format=api", "name": "Keith Colmer", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1024, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1024/?format=api", "name": "Virgin Galactic", "abbrev": "VG", "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Private" } }, "image": { "id": 533, "name": "[AUTO] Keith Colmer - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/keith_colmer_image_20210522152157.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190110.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 59, "date_of_birth": "1967-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Keith Colmer was an experimental test pilot on White Knight 2 and SpaceShip 2 and a\r\npilot training program and simulator development manager.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2012-08-07T12:00:00Z", "first_flight": "2012-08-07T12:00:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 747, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/747/?format=api", "name": "Sophie Adenot", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "abbrev": "ESA", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Multinational" } }, "image": { "id": 262, "name": "[AUTO] Sophie Adenot - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sophie_adenot_image_20221123150954.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185354.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": true, "time_in_space": "P50DT17H43M3S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 43, "date_of_birth": "1982-07-05", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 1, "name": "France", "alpha_2_code": "FR", "alpha_3_code": "FRA", "nationality_name": "French", "nationality_name_composed": "Franco" } ], "bio": "Between 2001 and 2003, Sophie studied engineering and graduated from ISAE-SUPAERO in Toulouse, France, where she specialised in spacecraft and aircraft flight dynamics. She then completed a Master of Science in human factors engineering at MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, USA, in 2004.\r\nIn 2005, Sophie joined the French Air Force for her basic military training and initial flying training to become a helicopter pilot. \r\n\r\nIn 2018, she graduated with honours as a helicopter test pilot from the Empire Test Pilots’ School in Boscombe Down, UK. She was awarded the Mac Kenna trophy and the Patuxtent Shield.\r\nBetween 2019 and 2022, Sophie worked as a helicopter experimental test pilot in Cazaux Flight Test Center with DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement – the French Defence Procurement Agency). She has logged 3000 hours and flew on 22 different helicopter types. She also holds a military parachute license, a light aircraft pilot license and a glider pilot license.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Adenot", "last_flight": "2026-02-13T10:15:56Z", "first_flight": "2026-02-13T10:15:56Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 24, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Soph_astro" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 424, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/424/?format=api", "name": "William G. Gregory", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 363, "name": "[AUTO] William G. Gregory - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520g.2520gregory_image_20181202142148.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185648.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P16DT15H8M47S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 68, "date_of_birth": "1957-05-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "William George \"Borneo\" Gregory is an American retired NASA astronaut and United States Air Force lieutenant colonel.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G._Gregory", "last_flight": "1995-03-02T06:38:13Z", "first_flight": "1995-03-02T06:38:13Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 706, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/706/?format=api", "name": "Nichole Ayers", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 280, "name": "[AUTO] Nichole Ayers - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/nichole_ayers_image_20211206185339.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185425.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P147DT16H29M32S", "eva_time": "PT5H44M", "age": 37, "date_of_birth": "1989-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Nichole Ayers is a US Air Force major who graduated from the US Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs in 2011 with a bachelor’s degree in mathematics with a minor in Russian. She later earned a master’s degree in computational and applied mathematics from Rice University. Ayers is an experienced combat aviator with more than 200 combat hours and more than 1,150 hours of total flight time in the T-38 and the F-22 Raptor fighter jet. Ayers led the first ever all-woman formation of the aircraft in combat.\r\n\r\nExact date of birth unknown.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichole_Ayers", "last_flight": "2025-03-14T23:03:48Z", "first_flight": "2025-03-14T23:03:48Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 278, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Ayers" }, { "id": 279, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_ayers" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 137, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/137/?format=api", "name": "José Hernández", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 534, "name": "[AUTO] José Hernández - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jos25c325a92520hern25c325a1ndez_image_20181129205354.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190112.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P13DT20H53M23S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1962-09-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "José Moreno Hernández is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. 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