Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=282&ordering=flights_count
{ "count": 819, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=292&ordering=flights_count", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=272&ordering=flights_count", "results": [ { "id": 764, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/764/?format=api", "name": "Yangzhu Zhu", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "abbrev": "CNSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 230, "name": "[AUTO] Yangzhu Zhu - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yangzhu_zhu_image_20230530052559.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185258.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P153DT22H40M50S", "eva_time": "PT7H55M", "age": 38, "date_of_birth": "1986-09-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" } ], "bio": "Zhu Yangzhu is a Chinese pilot and astronaut selected as part of the Shenzhou program. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in September 2005, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 2006.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Yangzhu", "last_flight": "2023-05-30T01:31:10Z", "first_flight": "2023-05-30T01:31:10Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 78, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/78/?format=api", "name": "Georgy Beregovoy", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 677, "name": "[AUTO] Georgy Beregovoy - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/georgy2520beregovoy_image_20181128223141.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190459.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P3DT22H50M45S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 74, "date_of_birth": "1921-04-15", "date_of_death": "1995-06-30", "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy (Russian: Гео́ргий Тимофе́евич Берегово́й, Ukrainian: Гео́ргій Тимофі́йович Берегови́й; April 15, 1921 – June 30, 1995) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the space mission Soyuz 3 in 1968. At the time of his flight, Beregovoy was 47 years of age: he was the earliest-born human to go to orbit, being born three months and three days earlier than the second earliest-born man in orbit – John Glenn, but later than X-15 pilot Joe Walker who made 2 (or 3, according to USAF definition) suborbital space flights.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Beregovoy", "last_flight": "1968-10-26T08:34:18Z", "first_flight": "1968-10-26T08:34:18Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 727, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/727/?format=api", "name": "Hamish Harding", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 141, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "abbrev": "BO", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 485, "name": "[AUTO] Hamish Harding - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/hamish_harding_image_20220911034237.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185957.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT10M45S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 58, "date_of_birth": "1964-06-24", "date_of_death": "2023-06-18", "nationality": [ { "id": 10, "name": "United Kingdom", "alpha_2_code": "GB", "alpha_3_code": "GBR", "nationality_name": "British", "nationality_name_composed": "Brito" } ], "bio": "Hamish was Chairman of Action Aviation, a business jet brokerage company he founded in 2004, and also a business jet pilot. In 2019, he and former International Space Station Commander Col. Terry Virts broke the Round-the-World record in a Gulfstream G650ER for any aircraft flying over the North and South poles. In addition to holding several aviation world records, Hamish has travelled to the South Pole twice, and in 2021 dived the Challenger Deep with Victor Vescovo to a depth of 36,000 ft in a two-person sub.\r\n\r\nHamish passed away on June 18th 2023 aboard the OceanGate Titan submersible while conducting a dive to the Titanic.", "wiki": "https://wikitia.com/wiki/Hamish_Harding", "last_flight": "2022-06-04T13:25:02Z", "first_flight": "2022-06-04T13:25:02Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 12, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/actionaviation0" }, { "id": 13, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/actionaviationchairman" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 590, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/590/?format=api", "name": "Gary Payton", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 161, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "abbrev": "USAF", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 486, "name": "[AUTO] Gary Payton - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/gary2520payton_image_20181207223026.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185958.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P3DT1H33M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 77, "date_of_birth": "1948-06-20", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Colonel Gary Eugene Payton, USAF, (born June 20, 1948) is an American former astronaut.\r\nPayton flew on the STS-51-C mission aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in January 1985 which launched and returned to land at the Kennedy Space Center, in Florida. STS-51C was the first dedicated Space Shuttle Department of Defense mission. Payton traveled over 1.2 million miles in 48 Earth orbits, and logged more than 73 hours in space.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Payton_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "1985-01-24T19:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1985-01-24T19:50:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 80, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/80/?format=api", "name": "Roberta Bondar", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 16, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "abbrev": "CSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 458, "name": "[AUTO] Roberta Bondar - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/roberta2520bondar_image_20181128223453.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185914.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P8DT1H14M27S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 79, "date_of_birth": "1945-12-04", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 26, "name": "Canada", "alpha_2_code": "CA", "alpha_3_code": "CAN", "nationality_name": "Canadian", "nationality_name_composed": "Canado" } ], "bio": "Roberta Bondar (born December 4, 1945) is Canada's first female astronaut and the first neurologist in space. Following more than a decade as NASA's head of space medicine, Bondar became a consultant and speaker in the business, scientific, and medical communities.\r\n\r\nBondar has received many honours including the Order of Canada, the Order of Ontario, the NASA Space Medal, over 22 honorary degrees and induction into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_Bondar", "last_flight": "1992-01-22T14:52:33Z", "first_flight": "1992-01-22T14:52:33Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 716, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/716/?format=api", "name": "Scott Poteet", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "abbrev": "SpX", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 487, "name": "[AUTO] Scott Poteet - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/scott_poteet_image_20220214140414.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190000.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P4DT22H13M5S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 55, "date_of_birth": "1970-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Scott “Kidd” Poteet is a retired United States Air Force Lieutenant Colonel who served 20 years in various roles that include Commander of the 64th Aggressor Squadron, USAF Thunderbird #4 Demonstration Pilot, USAF Weapons School Graduate, Operational Test & Evaluation Pilot, and Flight Examiner. Kidd is a command pilot with over 3,200 flying hours in the F-16, A-4, T-38, T-37, T-3, and Alpha Jet. Kidd has logged over 400 hours of combat time during Operations Northern Watch, Southern Watch, Joint Guardian, Freedom’s Sentinel, and Resolute Support.\r\n\r\nFollowing his Air Force career, Kidd served in various roles to include Director of Business Development at Draken International and VP of Strategy at Shift4 (NYSE: FOUR). He most recently served as the Mission Director of Inspiration4. Kidd is also an accomplished collegiate runner and triathlete, competing in 15 Ironman triathlons since 2000, which includes four Ironman World Championships in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2024-09-10T09:23:49Z", "first_flight": "2024-09-10T09:23:49Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 30, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/KiddPoteet" }, { "id": 31, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/kiddpoteet/" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 93, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/93/?format=api", "name": "Georgy Dobrovolsky", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Lost In Flight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 489, "name": "[AUTO] Georgy Dobrovolsky - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/georgy2520dobrovolsky_image_20181128225404.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190004.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P23DT18H21M43S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 43, "date_of_birth": "1928-06-01", "date_of_death": "1971-06-30", "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Georgiy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky (Russian: Гео́ргий Тимофе́евич Доброво́льский; June 1, 1928 – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who served on the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft. They became the world's first space station crew aboard Salyut 1, but died in space due to asphyxiation due to an accidentally opened valve. They were the first and, as of 2018, the only humans to have died in space.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Dobrovolsky", "last_flight": "1971-06-06T04:55:09Z", "first_flight": "1971-06-06T04:55:09Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 570, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/570/?format=api", "name": "Josh A. Cassada", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 490, "name": "[AUTO] Josh A. Cassada - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/josh2520a.2520cassada_image_20181203173238.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190005.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P157DT10H1M3S", "eva_time": "PT21H24M", "age": 51, "date_of_birth": "1973-07-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Josh Aaron Cassada is an American physicist, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. Prior to his selection to join NASA in 2013, Cassada served as a test pilot in the US Navy, and has over 3,500 hours in more than 40 aircraft, and 23 combat missions. In August 2018, Cassada was selected for CTS-1, the first operational mission of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner. In 2021 he was reassigned to a SpaceX Crew-5 flight aboard Crew Dragon spacecraft due to lengthy delays with Starliner program.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_A._Cassada", "last_flight": "2022-10-05T16:00:57Z", "first_flight": "2022-10-05T16:00:57Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 27, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/astro_josh" }, { "id": 28, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_cassada" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 3 }, { "id": 572, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/572/?format=api", "name": "Nicole Aunapu Mann", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 457, "name": "[AUTO] Nicole Aunapu Mann - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/nicole_aunapu_m_image_20211006163646.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185913.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P157DT10H1M3S", "eva_time": "PT14H2M", "age": 48, "date_of_birth": "1977-06-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Nicole Victoria Aunapu Mann is an American test pilot and NASA astronaut. She is an F/A-18 Hornet pilot, and a graduate of the US Naval Academy, Stanford University and the US Naval Test Pilot School. She has over 2,500 flight hours in 25 types of aircraft, 200 carrier landings, and has flown 47 combat missions in Iraq and Afghanistan. Mann completed astronaut training in 2015, and was assigned in August 2018 to Boe-CFT, the first test flight of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner. 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