Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=222&ordering=flights_count
{ "count": 819, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=232&ordering=flights_count", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=212&ordering=flights_count", "results": [ { "id": 133, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/133/?format=api", "name": "Karl Henize", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 335, "name": "[AUTO] Karl Henize - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/karl2520g.2520henize_image_20181129204738.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185603.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT22H45M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 66, "date_of_birth": "1926-10-17", "date_of_death": "1993-10-05", "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Karl Gordon Henize, Ph.D. was an American astronomer, space scientist, NASA astronaut, and professor at Northwestern University. Henize was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. Henize was a mission specialist on the Spacelab-2 mission (STS-51-F) which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985.\r\n\r\nHe died in 1993, during a Mount Everest expedition. The purpose of this expedition was to test for NASA a meter called a Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC): testing at different altitudes (17,000 ft, 19,000 ft and 21,000 ft) would reveal how people’s bodies would be affected, including the way bodily tissues behaved, when struck by radiation, and this was important for the planning of long duration space missions.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Gordon_Henize", "last_flight": "1985-07-29T21:00:00Z", "first_flight": "1985-07-29T21:00:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 206, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/206/?format=api", "name": "Rodolfo Neri Vela", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 424, "name": "[AUTO] Rodolfo Neri Vela - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rodolfo2520neri2520vela_image_20181201182057.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185822.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P6DT21H4M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 73, "date_of_birth": "1952-02-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 25, "name": "Mexico", "alpha_2_code": "MX", "alpha_3_code": "MEX", "nationality_name": "Mexican", "nationality_name_composed": "Mexico" } ], "bio": "Rodolfo Neri Vela (born 19 February 1952) is a Mexican scientist and astronaut who flew aboard a NASA Space Shuttle mission in the year 1985. He is the first Mexican, and the second Latin American to have traveled to space.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolfo_Neri_Vela", "last_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z", "first_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 85, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/85/?format=api", "name": "Maurizio Cheli", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "abbrev": "ESA", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Multinational" } }, "image": { "id": 425, "name": "[AUTO] Maurizio Cheli - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/maurizio2520cheli_image_20181128224319.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185823.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P15DT17H40M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 66, "date_of_birth": "1959-05-04", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 3, "name": "Italy", "alpha_2_code": "IT", "alpha_3_code": "ITA", "nationality_name": "Italian", "nationality_name_composed": "Italo" } ], "bio": "Maurizio Cheli (born 4 May 1959) is an Italian air force officer, a European Space Agency astronaut and a veteran of one NASA space shuttle mission.\r\n\r\nHe trained with the United States Air Force and was selected as an astronaut candidate by the European Space Agency in 1992. He holds the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Italian Air Force. He flew aboard STS-75 in 1996 as a mission specialist.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio_Cheli", "last_flight": "1996-02-22T20:18:00Z", "first_flight": "1996-02-22T20:18:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 106, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/106/?format=api", "name": "Klaus-Dietrich Flade", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 29, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/29/?format=api", "name": "German Aerospace Center", "abbrev": "DLR", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 426, "name": "[AUTO] Klaus-Dietrich Flade - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/klaus-dietrich2520flade_image_20181128231425.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185824.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT21H56M30S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 72, "date_of_birth": "1952-08-21", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 4, "name": "Germany", "alpha_2_code": "DE", "alpha_3_code": "DEU", "nationality_name": "German", "nationality_name_composed": "Germano" } ], "bio": "Klaus-Dietrich Flade (born August 23, 1952) is a German pilot and former German Aerospace Center astronaut who visited the Mir space station in 1992 aboard the Soyuz TM-14 mission, returning to Earth a week later aboard Soyuz TM-13.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus-Dietrich_Flade", "last_flight": "1992-03-17T10:54:30Z", "first_flight": "1992-03-17T10:54:30Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 667, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/667/?format=api", "name": "Yusaku Maezawa", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1023, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1023/?format=api", "name": "Space Adventures", "abbrev": "SA", "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Private" } }, "image": { "id": 504, "name": "[AUTO] Yusaku Maezawa - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yusaku_maezawa_image_20211102152037.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190027.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P11DT19H35M3S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 49, "date_of_birth": "1975-11-22", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 28, "name": "Japan", "alpha_2_code": "JP", "alpha_3_code": "JPN", "nationality_name": "Japanese", "nationality_name_composed": "Nippo" } ], "bio": "Yusaku Maezawa is a Japanese billionaire entrepreneur and art collector. He founded Start Today in 1998 and launched the online fashion retail website Zozotown in 2004, now Japan's largest. Most recently, Maezawa introduced a custom-fit apparel brand ZOZO and at-home measurement system, the ZOZOSUIT, in 2018.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa", "last_flight": "2021-12-08T07:38:15Z", "first_flight": "2021-12-08T07:38:15Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 125, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/yousuck2020" }, { "id": 126, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/yusaku2020" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 640, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/640/?format=api", "name": "Hazza Al Mansouri", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 198, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/198/?format=api", "name": "Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre", "abbrev": "MBRSC", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 428, "name": "[AUTO] Hazza Al Mansouri - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/hazza2520al2520mansouri_image_20190911121239.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185827.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT21H1M18S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 41, "date_of_birth": "1983-12-13", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 21, "name": "United Arab Emirates", "alpha_2_code": "AE", "alpha_3_code": "ARE", "nationality_name": "Emirati", "nationality_name_composed": "Emirati" } ], "bio": "Hazza Al Mansouri is one of the first two astronauts from the United Arab Emirates.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazza_Al_Mansouri", "last_flight": "2019-09-25T13:57:42Z", "first_flight": "2019-09-25T13:57:42Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 141, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/astro_hazzaa" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 661, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/661/?format=api", "name": "Chris Sembroski", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "abbrev": "SpX", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "image": { "id": 429, "name": "[AUTO] Chris Sembroski - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chris_sembroski_image_20210914154201.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185829.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P3DT23H4M4S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 45, "date_of_birth": "1979-08-28", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Chris Sembroski is an aerospace worker at Lockheed Martin who used to work on Minuteman missiles in the Air Force.\r\n\r\nBirth date is unknown.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Sembroski", "last_flight": "2021-09-16T00:02:56Z", "first_flight": "2021-09-16T00:02:56Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 154, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/epathctocs" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 620, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/620/?format=api", "name": "Richard Garriott", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": null, "image": { "id": 430, "name": "[AUTO] Richard Garriott - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/richard2520garriott_image_20190211162327.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185831.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Non-Astronaut Passenger" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P11DT20H35M27S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 64, "date_of_birth": "1961-07-04", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 10, "name": "United Kingdom", "alpha_2_code": "GB", "alpha_3_code": "GBR", "nationality_name": "British", "nationality_name_composed": "Brito" } ], "bio": "Richard Allen Garriott de Cayeux (born July 4, 1961) is an English-American video game developer and entrepreneur.\r\n\r\nOn October 12, 2008, Garriott flew aboard Soyuz TMA-13 to the International Space Station as a private astronaut, returning 12 days later aboard Soyuz TMA-12. He became the second astronaut, and first from the U.S., who had a parent that was also a space traveler.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Garriott", "last_flight": "2008-10-12T07:01:33Z", "first_flight": "2008-10-12T07:01:33Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 146, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/RichardGarriott" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 569, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/569/?format=api", "name": "Norishige Kanai", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "abbrev": "JAXA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 553, "name": "[AUTO] Norishige Kanai - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/norishige2520kanai_image_20181203172829.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190144.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P168DT5H17M59S", "eva_time": "PT5H57M", "age": 48, "date_of_birth": "1976-12-05", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 28, "name": "Japan", "alpha_2_code": "JP", "alpha_3_code": "JPN", "nationality_name": "Japanese", "nationality_name_composed": "Nippo" } ], "bio": "Norishige Kanai, M.D. is a Japanese doctor and JAXA astronaut.\r\n\r\nHe is a lieutenant and Diving Medical Officer in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Medical Service Division, 1st Service School). He served as a crew member on board the International Space Station for Expedition 54/55, and returned to Earth on June 3 2018.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norishige_Kanai", "last_flight": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "first_flight": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 106, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Kanai" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 309, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/309/?format=api", "name": "Don L. Lind", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 560, "name": "[AUTO] Don L. Lind - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/don2520l.2520lind_image_20181202091446.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190156.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT8M42S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 95, "date_of_birth": "1930-05-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Don Leslie Lind, Ph.D. is an American scientist and a former naval officer and aviator, and NASA astronaut. He graduated from the University of Utah with an undergraduate degree in physics in 1953. Following his military service obligation, he earned a Ph.D. in high-energy nuclear physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964.\r\n\r\nLind was a naval aviator and attained the rank of Commander in the United States Naval Reserve. He had active duty in San Diego and aboard the carrier USS Hancock.\r\n\r\nAfter completing his doctorate, Lind worked at NASA's Goddard Research Center from 1964 to 1966. During this period, he applied for the third group of astronauts but did not have enough flight hours. He applied for the fourth group, but was denied for being too old. The age restriction was raised for the fifth group, and he was selected with the Original Nineteen in 1966. Lind helped to develop the Apollo 11 EVA activities, and served as CAPCOM for the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. He was then assigned as backup Pilot for Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 and nearly flew on the proposed Skylab Rescue mission.\r\n\r\nLind was the Payload Commander on his only flight, STS-51-B, launched April 29, 1985. He designed an experiment to capture the Earth's aurora. The payload experiments consisted primarily of microgravity research and atmospheric measurement. The Orbiter Challenger completed 110 orbits before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_L._Lind", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 } ] }
