Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=210&ordering=-flights_count
{ "count": 853, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=220&ordering=-flights_count", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=200&ordering=-flights_count", "results": [ { "id": 630, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/630/?format=api", "name": "Aleksei Yeliseyev", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 547, "name": "[AUTO] Aleksei Yeliseyev - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/aleksei_yelisey_image_20200713114929.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190135.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P8DT22H22M33S", "eva_time": "PT32M", "age": 91, "date_of_birth": "1934-07-13", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Aleksei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (Russian: Алексей Станиславович Елисеев; born July 13, 1934) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10. Aleksei's father was Lithuanian with the last name Kuraitis, who died in the Soviet's Gulag as an enemy of the people. Aleksei uses his mother's last name \"Yeliseyev\" so some regard him as also being a Lithuanian cosmonaut.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksei_Yeliseyev", "last_flight": "1971-04-22T23:54:06Z", "first_flight": "1969-01-15T07:04:57Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 420, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/420/?format=api", "name": "Mario Runco Jr.", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 631, "name": "[AUTO] Mario Runco Jr. - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mario2520runco2520jr._image_20181202141607.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190347.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P23DT23H6M30S", "eva_time": "PT4H28M", "age": 74, "date_of_birth": "1952-01-26", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Mario Runco Jr. is a former United States Navy officer and NASA astronaut. He is an Earth and planetary physicist.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Runco_Jr.", "last_flight": "1996-05-19T10:30:00Z", "first_flight": "1991-11-24T23:44:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 361, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/361/?format=api", "name": "Kathryn D. Sullivan", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 602, "name": "[AUTO] Kathryn D. Sullivan - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kathryn_d._sull_image_20220911033537.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190301.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P22DT4H47M30S", "eva_time": "PT3H27M", "age": 74, "date_of_birth": "1951-10-03", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan is an American geologist and a former NASA astronaut. A crew member on three Space Shuttle missions, she was the first American woman to walk in space on October 11, 1984. She was Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration after being confirmed by the U.S. Senate on March 6, 2014. Sullivan's tenure ended on January 20, 2017 with the swearing in of President Donald Trump. Following completion of her service at NOAA, she was designated as the 2017 Charles A. Lindbergh Chair of Aerospace History at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum, and has also served as a Senior Fellow at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn_D._Sullivan", "last_flight": "1992-03-24T13:13:39Z", "first_flight": "1984-10-05T11:03:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 83, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/83/?format=api", "name": "Nikolai Budarin", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 340, "name": "[AUTO] Nikolai Budarin - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/nikolai2520budarin_image_20181128223920.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185610.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P444DT1H24M12S", "eva_time": "P1DT20H46M", "age": 62, "date_of_birth": "1963-04-29", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Nikolai Mikhailovich Budarin (Russian: Николай Михайлович Бударин) (born April 29, 1953 in Kirya, Chuvashia) is a retired Russian cosmonaut, a veteran of three extended space missions aboard the Mir Space Station and the International Space Station. He has also performed eight career spacewalks with a total time of 44 hours.\r\n\r\nNamed a cosmonaut candidate in 1989, Budarin's first space mission was a long-term assignment aboard the space station Mir in 1995. Since then, he again made extended stays on Mir in 1998 and the International Space Station Expedition 6 from 2002 to 2003.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Budarin", "last_flight": "2002-11-24T00:49:47Z", "first_flight": "1995-06-27T19:32:19Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 8 }, { "id": 113, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/113/?format=api", "name": "Yuri Gidzenko", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 268, "name": "[AUTO] Yuri Gidzenko - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yuri2520gidzenko_image_20181128232934.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185403.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P330DT2H56M8S", "eva_time": "PT3H34M", "age": 64, "date_of_birth": "1962-03-26", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko (Russian: Гидзенко, Юрий Павлович; born March 26, 1962) is a Russian cosmonaut. He was a test cosmonaut of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (TsPK). Gidzenko has flown into space three times and has lived on board the Mir and International Space Stations. He has also conducted two career spacewalks. Although he retired on July 15, 2001, he continued his employment by a special contract until Soyuz TM-34 concluded.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gidzenko", "last_flight": "2002-04-25T06:26:35Z", "first_flight": "1995-09-03T09:00:23Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 2 }, { "id": 412, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/412/?format=api", "name": "Donald R. McMonagle", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 444, "name": "[AUTO] Donald R. McMonagle - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/donald2520r.2520mcmonagle_image_20181202140802.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185852.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P25DT5H32M33S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 73, "date_of_birth": "1952-05-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Donald Ray McMonagle is a former astronaut and a veteran of three shuttle flights. He became the Manager, Launch Integration, at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 15, 1997. In this capacity he was responsible for final shuttle preparation, launch execution, and return of the orbiter to KSC following landings at any other location. He was chair of the Mission Management Team, and was the final authority for launch decision.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_R._McMonagle", "last_flight": "1994-11-03T16:59:43Z", "first_flight": "1991-04-28T11:33:14Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 18, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/18/?format=api", "name": "Andrew J. Feustel", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 615, "name": "[AUTO] Andrew J. Feustel - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/andrew2520j.2520feustel_image_20181127212906.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190321.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P225DT9H16M13S", "eva_time": "P2DT13H48M", "age": 60, "date_of_birth": "1965-08-25", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Andrew Jay \"Drew\" Feustel is a geophysicist and a NASA astronaut. Following several years working as a geophysicist, Feustel was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in July 2000. His first spaceflight in May 2009, STS-125, lasted just under 13 days. This was a mission with six other astronauts to repair the Hubble Space Telescope, aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis. Feustel performed three spacewalks during the mission. His second spaceflight was STS-134, which launched on May 16, 2011 and landed on June 1, 2011. STS-134 was the penultimate Space Shuttle flight. Feustel returned to space on March 21, 2018 on Soyuz MS-08 with Expedition 55/56. For expedition 56, he commanded the International Space Station, before handing over to Alexander Gerst on October 3, 2018.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_J._Feustel", "last_flight": "2018-03-21T17:44:23Z", "first_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 16, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Feustel" }, { "id": 17, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_feustel/" } ], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 9 }, { "id": 524, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/524/?format=api", "name": "Tracy Caldwell Dyson", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 596, "name": "[AUTO] Tracy Caldwell Dyson - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/tracy_caldwell__image_20220911033954.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190252.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P372DT18H37M35S", "eva_time": "PT23H20M", "age": 56, "date_of_birth": "1969-08-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Tracy Caldwell Dyson is an American chemist and NASA astronaut. Caldwell Dyson was a Mission Specialist on Space Shuttle Endeavour flight STS-118 in August 2007. She was part of the Expedition 24 crew on the International Space Station between April 4, 2010 and September 25, 2010. She has completed three spacewalks, logging more than 22 hrs of EVA including work to replace a malfunctioning coolant pump.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Caldwell_Dyson", "last_flight": "2024-03-23T12:36:10Z", "first_flight": "2007-08-08T22:36:42Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 4 }, { "id": 279, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/279/?format=api", "name": "Roberto Vittori", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "abbrev": "ESA", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Multinational" } }, "image": { "id": 336, "name": "[AUTO] Roberto Vittori - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/roberto2520vittori_image_20181201224249.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185604.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P35DT12H25M25S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 61, "date_of_birth": "1964-10-15", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 3, "name": "Italy", "alpha_2_code": "IT", "alpha_3_code": "ITA", "nationality_name": "Italian", "nationality_name_composed": "Italo" } ], "bio": "Roberto Vittori (born 15 October 1964 in Viterbo) is an Italian air force officer and an ESA astronaut. After graduating from the Italian Accademia Aeronautica in 1989, Vittori flew in the Italian Air Force. He then trained as a test pilot in the United States.\r\n\r\nIn 1998, Vittori was selected by the ESA to join the European Astronaut Corps. Since then, he has participated in three spaceflights: the Soyuz TM-34/33 and Soyuz TMA-6/5 taxi flights to the ISS, as well as STS-134, the penultimate mission of the American Space Shuttle Program. He was the last non-American to fly aboard the shuttle.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Vittori", "last_flight": "2011-05-16T12:56:28Z", "first_flight": "2002-04-25T06:26:35Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 282, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/282/?format=api", "name": "Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 599, "name": "[AUTO] Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sergey2520volkov_image_20181201224637.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190256.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P547DT22H20M53S", "eva_time": "PT23H20M", "age": 53, "date_of_birth": "1973-04-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov is a retired Russian cosmonaut and engineer. He was a member of three missions to the International Space Station, spending more than a year in total in space. During his missions he did four spacewalks lasting more than 23 hours in total. Volkov retired from the Cosmonaut group in February 2017.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Volkov_(cosmonaut)", "last_flight": "2015-09-02T04:37:43Z", "first_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 4 } ] }
