Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=152&ordering=status
{ "count": 819, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=162&ordering=status", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=142&ordering=status", "results": [ { "id": 756, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/756/?format=api", "name": "Konstantin Borisov", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 612, "name": "[AUTO] Konstantin Borisov - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/konstantin_bori_image_20230826072844.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190316.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P199DT2H19M33S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 40, "date_of_birth": "1984-08-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Konstantin Borisov is a Russian cosmonaut with a background in life support systems engineering and economics.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Borisov", "last_flight": "2023-08-26T07:27:27Z", "first_flight": "2023-08-26T07:27:27Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 297, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/297/?format=api", "name": "Zhang Xiaoguang", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "abbrev": "CNSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 807, "name": "[AUTO] Zhang Xiaoguang - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/zhang2520xiaoguang_image_20181201232412.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190829.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P14DT14H28M58S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 59, "date_of_birth": "1966-05-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" } ], "bio": "Zhang Xiaoguang is a Chinese pilot selected as part of the Shenzhou program.\r\n\r\nHe was born in May 1966 in Jinzhou, to a family of Manchu ethnicity and was a squadron commander in the People’s Liberation Army Air Force when he was selected to be an astronaut in 1998. He had accumulated 1000 flight-hours as of 2004. He was selected as part of the backup crew for the Shenzhou 9 mission. In 2013, he was selected to fly Shenzhou 10, the third spaceflight to the first Chinese space station Tiangong 1.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Xiaoguang", "last_flight": "2013-06-11T09:38:02Z", "first_flight": "2013-06-11T09:38:02Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 7, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/7/?format=api", "name": "Anne McClain", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 290, "name": "[AUTO] Anne McClain - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/anne2520mcclain_image_20181127210625.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185442.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": true, "time_in_space": "P330DT14H53M10S", "eva_time": "PT18H52M", "age": 46, "date_of_birth": "1979-06-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Anne Charlotte McClain is a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army currently assigned to NASA Astronaut Group 21.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_McClain", "last_flight": "2025-03-14T23:03:48Z", "first_flight": "2018-12-03T11:31:52Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 198, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/AstroAnnimal" } ], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 3 }, { "id": 484, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/484/?format=api", "name": "Yi So-yeon", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 261, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/261/?format=api", "name": "Korean Astronaut Program", "abbrev": "KAP", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 909, "name": "[AUTO] Yi So-yeon - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yi2520so-yeon_image_20181202184152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191115.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P10DT21H13M21S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1978-06-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 35, "name": "South Korea", "alpha_2_code": "KR", "alpha_3_code": "KOR", "nationality_name": "South Korean", "nationality_name_composed": "South Korean" } ], "bio": "Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space.\r\nYi was one of the two finalists chosen on December 25, 2006 through the Korean Astronaut Program. On September 5, 2007, the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology chose Ko San, over Yi So-yeon, following performance and other tests during their training in Russia.\r\n\r\nOn March 7, 2008, she was selected to train with the primary crew, and on March 10 the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology announced that Yi would replace Ko. This was after the Russian Federal Space Agency asked for a replacement, because Ko violated regulations several times at a Russian training center by removing sensitive reading materials and mailing one back to Korea. On April 8, 2008, Yi was launched into space on board Soyuz TMA-12 with two Russian cosmonauts. South Korea is reported to have paid Russia $20 million for Yi's space flight. She is the third woman, after Helen Sharman of the United Kingdom and Anousheh Ansari an Iranian American, to be the first national from their country in space.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon", "last_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z", "first_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 488, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/488/?format=api", "name": "Mark Kelly", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 617, "name": "[AUTO] Mark Kelly - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mark_kelly_image_20220911033551.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190324.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P54DT2H3M57S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 61, "date_of_birth": "1964-02-21", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Mark Edward Kelly is a retired American astronaut, engineer, and retired U.S. Navy Captain. He is the husband of former Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, and is an author, political activist, and aerospace executive and consultant.\r\n\r\nA naval aviator, Kelly flew combat missions during the Gulf War. He was selected to become a NASA Space Shuttle pilot in 1996 and flew his first mission in 2001 as pilot of STS-108. He piloted STS-121 in 2006 and commanded STS-124 in 2008 and STS-134 in 2011. STS-134 was his final mission and the final mission of Space Shuttle Endeavour.\r\n\r\nHis wife was the target of an attempted assassination in Tucson, Arizona, on January 8, 2011. After the shooting, in which six people were killed, both Kelly and Giffords were thrust into the media spotlight. His wife's shooting led to a broad national conversation ranging from the duties of a husband to what is acceptable civil discourse.\r\n\r\nKelly's identical twin brother, Scott Kelly, is also an astronaut. The Kelly brothers are the only known siblings to have both traveled in space. In 2015, Scott Kelly began a mission spending a year in space on the International Space Station. He returned to Earth on March 1, 2016, after 340 days in space. During and after Scott's year-long mission, the brothers were studied to find physical differences caused by living in space versus a baseline on Earth.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Kelly", "last_flight": "2011-05-16T12:56:28Z", "first_flight": "2001-12-05T22:19:28Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 48, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/ShuttleCDRKelly" }, { "id": 49, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/shuttlecdrkelly/" } ], "flights_count": 4, "landings_count": 4, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 309, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/309/?format=api", "name": "Don L. Lind", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 560, "name": "[AUTO] Don L. Lind - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/don2520l.2520lind_image_20181202091446.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190156.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT8M42S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 95, "date_of_birth": "1930-05-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Don Leslie Lind, Ph.D. is an American scientist and a former naval officer and aviator, and NASA astronaut. He graduated from the University of Utah with an undergraduate degree in physics in 1953. Following his military service obligation, he earned a Ph.D. in high-energy nuclear physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964.\r\n\r\nLind was a naval aviator and attained the rank of Commander in the United States Naval Reserve. He had active duty in San Diego and aboard the carrier USS Hancock.\r\n\r\nAfter completing his doctorate, Lind worked at NASA's Goddard Research Center from 1964 to 1966. During this period, he applied for the third group of astronauts but did not have enough flight hours. He applied for the fourth group, but was denied for being too old. The age restriction was raised for the fifth group, and he was selected with the Original Nineteen in 1966. Lind helped to develop the Apollo 11 EVA activities, and served as CAPCOM for the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. He was then assigned as backup Pilot for Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 and nearly flew on the proposed Skylab Rescue mission.\r\n\r\nLind was the Payload Commander on his only flight, STS-51-B, launched April 29, 1985. He designed an experiment to capture the Earth's aurora. The payload experiments consisted primarily of microgravity research and atmospheric measurement. The Orbiter Challenger completed 110 orbits before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_L._Lind", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 47, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/47/?format=api", "name": "Rusty Schweickart", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 628, "name": "[AUTO] Rusty Schweickart - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rusty2520schweickart_image_20181128145913.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190342.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P10DT1H", "eva_time": "PT1H17M", "age": 89, "date_of_birth": "1935-10-25", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Russell Louis \"Rusty\" Schweickart is an American aeronautical engineer, and a former NASA astronaut, research scientist, U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, as well as a former business executive and government executive.\r\n\r\nSelected in 1963 for NASA's third astronaut group, he is best known as the Lunar Module Pilot on the 1969 Apollo 9 mission, the first manned flight test of the Lunar Module, on which he performed the first in-space test of the Portable Life Support System used by the Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon. As backup Commander of the first manned Skylab mission in 1973, he was responsible for developing the hardware and procedures used by the first crew to perform critical in-flight repairs of the Skylab station. After Skylab, he served for a time as Director of User Affairs in NASA's Office of Applications.\r\n\r\nSchweickart left NASA in 1977 to serve for two years as California Governor Jerry Brown's assistant for science and technology, then was appointed by Brown to California's Energy Commission for five and a half years, serving as chairman for three.\r\n\r\nIn 1984–85 he co-founded the Association of Space Explorers and later in 2002 co-founded the B612 Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to defending Earth from asteroid impacts, along with fellow former astronaut Ed Lu and two planetary scientists. He served for a period as its chair before becoming its chair emeritus.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart", "last_flight": "1969-03-03T16:00:00Z", "first_flight": "1969-03-03T16:00:00Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 486, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/486/?format=api", "name": "Stephen Frick", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 413, "name": "[AUTO] Stephen Frick - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/stephen_frick_image_20220911033547.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185804.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P23DT14H3M11S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 60, "date_of_birth": "1964-09-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Stephen Nathaniel Frick is an American astronaut and a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions. Raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Frick graduated from Pine-Richland High School in 1982, earned a degree in aerospace engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1986, was commissioned as a United States Navy officer, and trained as a F/A-18 fighter pilot. Stationed aboard the carrier USS Saratoga, he flew combat missions during the Gulf War and then earned a master's degree in aeronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1994.\r\n\r\nFrick was selected as a NASA astronaut candidate in 1996 and was trained as a Space Shuttle pilot. He piloted mission STS-110, a docking mission with the International Space Station.\r\n\r\nIn July 2006, Frick was assigned to command the crew of STS-122. The 12-day mission delivered the European Space Agency's Columbus laboratory and returned Expedition 16 Flight Engineer Daniel M. Tani to Earth. The mission launched February 7, 2008, and touched down February 20, 2008. NASA announced his retirement in July 2015.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Frick", "last_flight": "2008-02-07T19:45:30Z", "first_flight": "2002-04-08T20:44:19Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 155, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/155/?format=api", "name": "Georgi Ivanov", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 845, "name": "[AUTO] Georgi Ivanov - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/georgi2520ivanov_image_20181129231428.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190928.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P1DT23H1M6S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 85, "date_of_birth": "1940-07-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 40, "name": "Bulgaria", "alpha_2_code": "BG", "alpha_3_code": "BGR", "nationality_name": "Bulgarian", "nationality_name_composed": "Bulgaro" } ], "bio": "Major general Georgi Ivanov Kakalov (Bulgarian: Георги Иванов Какалов; born July 2, 1940) is a Bulgarian former military officer who was the first Bulgarian cosmonaut. \r\n\r\nIvanov, along with Soviet cosmonaut Nikolai Rukavishnikov, was launched into space as part of the Soyuz 33 mission from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 10, 1979, at 17:34 (GMT). The scientific program for the flight was prepared entirely by Bulgarian scientists, along with some of the equipment.\r\n\r\nThough take-off was smooth, the mission was a disaster, with severe damage of the engine preventing docking in orbit to Salyut 6 orbital station as it was initially planned. A premature return to Earth became the only possible decision for Ivanov and Rukavishnikov. Due to some additional technical problems landing was difficult to endure-more than 9Gs. When Soyuz 33 finally landed, it was 320 kilometres (200 mi) southeast of Dzhezkazgan. It completed 31 orbits, and was in space for 1 day, 23 hours, and 1 minute. The flight remains the only example for manual landing and is thus quoted in every astronautic textbook.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Ivanov_(cosmonaut)", "last_flight": "1979-04-10T17:34:34Z", "first_flight": "1979-04-10T17:34:34Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 51, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/51/?format=api", "name": "Edward Gibson", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 244, "name": "[AUTO] Edward Gibson - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/edward2520gibson_image_20181128150839.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185325.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P84DT1H15M30S", "eva_time": "PT15H21M", "age": 88, "date_of_birth": "1936-11-08", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Edward George Gibson is a former NASA astronaut, pilot, engineer, and physicist.\r\n\r\nBefore becoming a NASA astronaut, Gibson graduated from the University of Rochester and the California Institute of Technology. He became a research assistant in jet propulsion while completing his studies and eventually became a research scientist for Philco Corporation until joining NASA.\r\n\r\nGibson was selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1965 as part of Astronaut Group 4, the first group of scientist-astronauts. He served on the support crew of Apollo 12 before moving on to work on the development of the Skylab space station. In 1973–74, Gibson made his first and only flight into space as science pilot aboard Skylab 4, the third and final manned flight to Skylab. He, along with Commander Gerald Carr and Pilot William Pogue, spent just over 84 days in space. Gibson resigned from NASA in December 1974, but returned in 1977 to preside over the selection of scientist-astronaut candidates. Gibson retired from NASA for the last time in October 1982.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gibson", "last_flight": "1973-11-16T14:01:23Z", "first_flight": "1973-11-16T14:01:23Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 3 } ] }
