Astronaut List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /astronauts/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id
Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true
Search
Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name
Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet
Ordering
Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space
Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /astronauts/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - lldev.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=150&ordering=-date_of_birth
{ "count": 805, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=160&ordering=-date_of_birth", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=140&ordering=-date_of_birth", "results": [ { "id": 635, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/635/?format=api", "name": "Christina Koch", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 421, "name": "[AUTO] Christina Koch - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/christina2520koch_image_20191231114328.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185818.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P328DT13H58M37S", "eva_time": "P1DT18H15M", "age": 46, "date_of_birth": "1979-01-29", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Christina Hammock Koch (born January 29, 1979) is a NASA astronaut of the class of 2013.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Koch", "last_flight": "2019-03-14T19:14:08Z", "first_flight": "2019-03-14T19:14:08Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 102, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Christina" }, { "id": 103, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/Astro_Christina/" } ], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 6 }, { "id": 710, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/710/?format=api", "name": "Luke Delaney", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 764, "name": "[AUTO] Luke Delaney - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/luke_delaney_image_20211206185357.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190723.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 46, "date_of_birth": "1979-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Luke Delaney is a retired US Marine Corps major who grew up in Debary, Florida. He holds a degree in mechanical engineering from University of North Florida and a master’s degree in aerospace engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School. He is a distinguished naval aviator who participated in exercises throughout the Asia Pacific region and conducted combat missions in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. As a test pilot, he executed numerous flights evaluating weapon systems integration, and he served as a test pilot instructor. Delaney most recently worked as a research pilot at NASA’s Langley Research Center, in Hampton, Virginia, where he supported airborne science missions. Including his NASA career, Delaney logged more than 3,700 flight hours on 48 models of jet, propeller, and rotary wing aircraft.\r\n\r\nExact date of birth unknown.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Delaney_(astronaut)", "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null, "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 86, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/86/?format=api", "name": "Chen Dong", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "abbrev": "CNSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 581, "name": "[AUTO] Chen Dong - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chen_dong_image_20220604084758.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190228.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P214DT15H54M19S", "eva_time": "PT15H53M", "age": 46, "date_of_birth": "1978-12-12", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" } ], "bio": "Chen Dong (simplified Chinese: 陈冬; traditional Chinese: 陳冬; pinyin: Chén Dōng; born 12 December 1978) is a Chinese pilot and astronaut selected as part of the Shenzhou program.\r\n\r\nHe was selected to fly on the Shenzhou 11 mission in October 2016 with astronaut Jing Haipeng. The two underwent more than 3,000 hours of training before the launch of the spacecraft. On 17 October 2016 On 07:30 local time (23:30 GMT on 16 October), Chen lifted off with Shenzhou 11 for a 33-day space mission to the Tiangong-2 space station as his first spaceflight, launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center using a Long March 2F launch rocket. The crew landed successfully after the 33 day mission on 18 November 2016, marking China's longest manned space flight to date. The reentry module of the Shenzhou-11 spacecraft landed in Inner Mongolia around 2.15 p.m(China time) after detaching from the space lab on 17 November.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Dong_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2022-06-05T02:44:10Z", "first_flight": "2016-10-16T23:30:31Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 3 }, { "id": 565, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/565/?format=api", "name": "Kathleen Rubins", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 279, "name": "[AUTO] Kathleen Rubins - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kathleen2520rubins_image_20181203172435.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185423.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P300DT1H31M16S", "eva_time": "P1DT3H3M", "age": 46, "date_of_birth": "1978-10-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Kathleen Hallisey \"Kate\" Rubins is a NASA astronaut. She became the 60th woman to fly in space when she launched on a Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station on July 6, 2016. She returned to Earth on October 30, 2016 aboard a Soyuz. She was a crew member of Expedition 48 and Expedition 49 of the International Space Station.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Rubins", "last_flight": "2020-10-14T05:45:04Z", "first_flight": "2016-07-07T01:36:40Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 4 }, { "id": 185, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/185/?format=api", "name": "Liu Yang", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "abbrev": "CNSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 880, "name": "[AUTO] Liu Yang - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/liu_yang_image_20220604084749.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191027.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P195DT49M42S", "eva_time": "PT6H7M", "age": 46, "date_of_birth": "1978-10-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" } ], "bio": "Liu Yang (born October 6, 1978) is a Chinese pilot and astronaut who served as a crew member on the space mission Shenzhou 9. On June 16, 2012, Liu became the first Chinese woman in space.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Yang_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2022-06-05T02:44:10Z", "first_flight": "2012-06-16T10:37:24Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 1 }, { "id": 484, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/484/?format=api", "name": "Yi So-yeon", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 261, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/261/?format=api", "name": "Korean Astronaut Program", "abbrev": "KAP", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 909, "name": "[AUTO] Yi So-yeon - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yi2520so-yeon_image_20181202184152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191115.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P10DT21H13M21S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 46, "date_of_birth": "1978-06-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 35, "name": "South Korea", "alpha_2_code": "KR", "alpha_3_code": "KOR", "nationality_name": "South Korean", "nationality_name_composed": "South Korean" } ], "bio": "Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space.\r\nYi was one of the two finalists chosen on December 25, 2006 through the Korean Astronaut Program. On September 5, 2007, the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology chose Ko San, over Yi So-yeon, following performance and other tests during their training in Russia.\r\n\r\nOn March 7, 2008, she was selected to train with the primary crew, and on March 10 the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology announced that Yi would replace Ko. This was after the Russian Federal Space Agency asked for a replacement, because Ko violated regulations several times at a Russian training center by removing sensitive reading materials and mailing one back to Korea. On April 8, 2008, Yi was launched into space on board Soyuz TMA-12 with two Russian cosmonauts. South Korea is reported to have paid Russia $20 million for Yi's space flight. She is the third woman, after Helen Sharman of the United Kingdom and Anousheh Ansari an Iranian American, to be the first national from their country in space.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon", "last_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z", "first_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0 }, { "id": 1, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/1/?format=api", "name": "Thomas Pesquet", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "abbrev": "ESA", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Multinational" } }, "image": { "id": 637, "name": "[AUTO] Thomas Pesquet - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/thomas2520pesquet_image_20200102120546.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190357.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P396DT11H33M45S", "eva_time": "P1DT15H54M", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1978-02-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 1, "name": "France", "alpha_2_code": "FR", "alpha_3_code": "FRA", "nationality_name": "French", "nationality_name_composed": "Franco" } ], "bio": "Thomas Gautier Pesquet is a French aerospace engineer, pilot, and European Space Agency astronaut. Pesquet was selected by ESA as a candidate in May 2009, and he successfully completed his basic training in November 2010. From November 2016 to June 2017, Pesquet was part of Expeditions 50 and 51 on the International Space Station as a flight engineer.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pesquet", "last_flight": "2021-04-23T09:49:02Z", "first_flight": "2016-11-17T20:20:13Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 205, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/Thom_astro" }, { "id": 206, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://instagram.com/thom_astro" } ], "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 6 }, { "id": 650, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/650/?format=api", "name": "Pyotr Dubrov", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 463, "name": "[AUTO] Pyotr Dubrov - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/pyotr_dubrov_image_20201120155626.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185922.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P355DT3H45M19S", "eva_time": "P1DT5H49M", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1978-01-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Dubrov was selected by Roscosmos as a cosmonaut on 8 October 2012, as one of eight cosmonauts selected as part of Roscosmos's 2012 selection group.\r\nIn 2020 he was assigned to the backup crew of Soyuz MS-17, backing up Russian cosmonaut Sergey Kud-Sverchkov as Flight Engineer on ISS Expedition 63/64", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Dubrov", "last_flight": "2021-04-09T07:42:41Z", "first_flight": "2021-04-09T07:42:41Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 4 }, { "id": 198, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/198/?format=api", "name": "Alexander Misurkin", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 736, "name": "[AUTO] Alexander Misurkin - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/alexander_misur_image_20211102151859.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190640.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P346DT7H3M41S", "eva_time": "P1DT4H14M", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1977-09-23", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Alexander Alexanderovich Misurkin (Russian: Aлександр Aлександрович Мисуркин) born on September 23, 1977, a major in the Russian Air Force, is a Russian cosmonaut, selected in 2006. He flew aboard Soyuz TMA-08M on 28 March 2013 as his first space mission, and launched on Soyuz MS-06 as his second flight, in 2017. He was Commander of the International Space Station for Expedition 54.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Misurkin", "last_flight": "2021-12-08T07:38:15Z", "first_flight": "2013-03-28T20:43:20Z", "social_media_links": [], "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 4 }, { "id": 573, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/573/?format=api", "name": "Jessica Meir", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 842, "name": "[AUTO] Jessica Meir - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jessica_meir_image_20200417064900.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190924.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "normal", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P204DT15H19M1S", "eva_time": "PT21H44M", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1977-07-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Jessica Ulrika Meir is Assistant Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, following postdoctoral research in comparative physiology at the University of British Columbia. She has studied the diving physiology and behavior of emperor penguins in Antarctica, and the physiology of bar-headed geese, which are able to migrate over the Himalayas. In 2000, Meir graduated with a Master of Space Studies from the International Space University in Strasbourg, France. In September 2002, Meir served as an aquanaut on the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations 4 (NEEMO 4) crew. In June 2013 she was named an astronaut candidate by NASA, becoming one of the eight members of NASA Astronaut Group 21. 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