Previous Launch List
API endpoint that returns previous Launch objects.
GET Return a list of previous Launches
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed' EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency and mission name. EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/previous/?format=api&ordering=-name
{ "count": 293, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=10&ordering=-name", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": "b9d13dc2-3e87-4fa7-be01-32b2cb546595", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/b9d13dc2-3e87-4fa7-be01-32b2cb546595/?format=api", "slug": "zhuque-2e-guangchuan-01-02", "name": "Zhuque-2E | Guangchuan-01 & 02", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-12-09T14:37:18Z", "net": "2024-11-27T02:00:00Z", "window_end": "2024-11-27T03:09:00Z", "window_start": "2024-11-27T01:51:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 259, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/259/?format=api", "name": "LandSpace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8419, "configuration": { "id": 519, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/519/?format=api", "name": "Zhuque-2E", "family": "Zhuque", "full_name": "Zhuque-2E", "variant": "2E" } }, "mission": { "id": 7008, "name": "Guangchuan-01 & 02", "description": "2 satellites for testing and demonstrating LEO communication satellite constellation technologies.\r\n\r\nFirst flight of the enhanced Zhuque-2.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Technology", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 9, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/9/?format=api", "agency_id": 259, "name": "Launch Area 96", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LandSpace", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.91491,100.245488", "latitude": "40.91491", "longitude": "100.245488", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 253, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_9_20200803143341.jpg", "total_launch_count": 5, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/zhuque-2e_lifto_image_20241209143716.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6814, "location_launch_attempt_count": 237, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 5, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 225, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 19, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "35cd0984-b80f-4bc9-9d7a-ead47a40bccd", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/35cd0984-b80f-4bc9-9d7a-ead47a40bccd/?format=api", "slug": "zhuque-2e-6-satellites", "name": "Zhuque-2E | 6 satellites", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-05-21T07:43:56Z", "net": "2025-05-17T04:12:00Z", "window_end": "2025-05-17T04:40:00Z", "window_start": "2025-05-17T04:04:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 259, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/259/?format=api", "name": "LandSpace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8610, "configuration": { "id": 519, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/519/?format=api", "name": "Zhuque-2E", "family": "Zhuque", "full_name": "Zhuque-2E", "variant": "2E" } }, "mission": { "id": 7202, "name": "6 satellites", "description": "6 satellites from satellite manufacturer SpaceTY, including 3 multi-spectral Earth observation satellites and 3 technology demonstration satellites for various academic institutions.\r\n\r\n* Tianyi-29\r\n* Tianyi-34\r\n* Tianyi-35\r\n* Tianyi-42\r\n* Tianyi-45\r\n* Tianyi-46", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Technology", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 9, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/9/?format=api", "agency_id": 259, "name": "Launch Area 96", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LandSpace", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.91491,100.245488", "latitude": "40.91491", "longitude": "100.245488", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 253, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_9_20200803143341.jpg", "total_launch_count": 5, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/zhunque_2e_on_t_image_20241216101643.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6955, "location_launch_attempt_count": 250, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 6, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 106, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "cd199e27-63cd-409c-817c-5c38039b17cd", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/cd199e27-63cd-409c-817c-5c38039b17cd/?format=api", "slug": "vulcan-vc2s-certification-flight-2", "name": "Vulcan VC2S | Certification Flight 2", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-10-04T17:03:52Z", "net": "2024-10-04T11:25:00Z", "window_end": "2024-10-04T13:00:00Z", "window_start": "2024-10-04T10:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": 95, "weather_concerns": "None", "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 124, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8277, "configuration": { "id": 201, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/201/?format=api", "name": "Vulcan VC2S", "family": "Vulcan", "full_name": "Vulcan VC2S", "variant": "VC2S" } }, "mission": { "id": 6858, "name": "Certification Flight 2", "description": "Replacement Vulcan test launch with inert payload, experiments, and demonstrations for certification with the USSF after delays caused by payload testing of the Sierra Space Dreamchaser CRS SNC-1 mission, the original planned payload.\r\n\r\nOne of the GEM-63XL SRBs was observed to blown out its booster nozzle at T+37 seconds, causing reduced and asymmetric thrust during ascent, however the performance shortfall was fully compensated by Vulcan's other stages.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Flight", "orbit": { "id": 6, "name": "Heliocentric N/A", "abbrev": "Helio-N/A" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 124, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "ULA", "description": "United Launch Alliance (ULA) is a joint venture of Lockheed Martin Space Systems and Boeing Defense, Space & Security. ULA was formed in December 2006 by combining the teams at these companies which provide spacecraft launch services to the government of the United States. ULA launches from both coasts of the US. They launch their Atlas V vehicle from LC-41 in Cape Canaveral and LC-3E at Vandeberg. Their Delta IV launches from LC-37 at Cape Canaveral and LC-6 at Vandenberg.", "administrator": "CEO: Tory Bruno", "founding_year": "2006", "launchers": "Atlas | Delta IV | Vulcan", "spacecraft": "CST-100 Starliner", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 165, "consecutive_successful_launches": 165, "successful_launches": 165, "failed_launches": 0, "pending_launches": 44, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united2520launch2520alliance_logo_20210412195953.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united_launch_a_image_20210412201210.png", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united2520launch2520alliance_nation_20230531043703.jpg" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 29, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/29/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 41", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.58341025,-80.58303644", "latitude": "28.58341025", "longitude": "-80.58303644", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1031, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_29_20200803143528.jpg", "total_launch_count": 115, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 115 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vulcan_image_20240107162928.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6772, "location_launch_attempt_count": 977, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 114, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 164, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 183, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 50, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "6fc4b696-240a-4619-9462-a9149d8bd2ee", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/6fc4b696-240a-4619-9462-a9149d8bd2ee/?format=api", "slug": "vega-sentinel-2c", "name": "Vega | Sentinel-2C", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-09-06T06:38:49Z", "net": "2024-09-05T01:50:15Z", "window_end": "2024-09-05T01:50:15Z", "window_start": "2024-09-05T01:50:15Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7719, "configuration": { "id": 167, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/167/?format=api", "name": "Vega", "family": "Vega", "full_name": "Vega", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 6235, "name": "Sentinel-2C", "description": "Sentinel-2C is the third satellite in the Sentinel-2 constellation, which is designed to provide high-resolution optical imagery for land services.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL,SVN", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.", "administrator": "Director General: Josef Aschbacher", "founding_year": "1975", "launchers": "Ariane | Vega", "spacecraft": "Space Rider", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 7, "consecutive_successful_launches": 5, "successful_launches": 6, "failed_launches": 1, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "https://www.esa.int/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/esa_patch_float_image_20250211192109.png", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 34, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/34/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 1 (ELV)", "description": "ELA-1, now named Ensemble de Lancement Vega (short ELV), is a launch pad at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. It has been used to support launches of the Europa rocket, Ariane 1, Ariane 3, and is currently used to launch Vega rockets.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-1", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.236,-52.775", "latitude": "5.236", "longitude": "-52.775", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_34_20200803143527.jpg", "total_launch_count": 52, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 52 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vega_image_20201111143622.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 22, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/22/?format=api", "name": "Copernicus", "description": "Copernicus is the European Union's Earth observation programme coordinated and managed for the European Commission by the European Union Agency for the Space Programme in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA), the EU Member States. It aims at achieving a global, continuous, autonomous, high quality, wide range Earth observation capacity. Providing accurate, timely and easily accessible information to, among other things, improve the management of the environment, understand and mitigate the effects of climate change, and ensure civil security.", "agencies": [ { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 1043, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1043/?format=api", "name": "European Union Agency for the Space Programme", "type": "Multinational" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/copernicus_program_20221129162831.png", "start_date": "2014-04-03T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.copernicus.eu", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicus_Programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 8, "name": "Earth Observation" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6750, "location_launch_attempt_count": 322, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 50, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 316, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 161, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "aa79ad61-9276-4c14-8d01-40fd348d641e", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/aa79ad61-9276-4c14-8d01-40fd348d641e/?format=api", "slug": "vega-c-sentinel-1c", "name": "Vega-C | Sentinel-1C", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-12-09T14:31:42Z", "net": "2024-12-05T21:20:33Z", "window_end": "2024-12-05T21:20:33Z", "window_start": "2024-12-05T21:20:33Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7563, "configuration": { "id": 127, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/127/?format=api", "name": "Vega-C", "family": "Vega", "full_name": "Vega-C", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 6234, "name": "Sentinel-1C", "description": "Sentinel-1C carries an advanced radar technology to provide an all-weather, day-and-night supply of imagery of Earth’s surface. It is a replacement satellite to complete the Sentinel-1 duo after Sentinel-1B suffered a technical anomaly.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL,SVN", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.", "administrator": "Director General: Josef Aschbacher", "founding_year": "1975", "launchers": "Ariane | Vega", "spacecraft": "Space Rider", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 7, "consecutive_successful_launches": 5, "successful_launches": 6, "failed_launches": 1, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "https://www.esa.int/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/esa_patch_float_image_20250211192109.png", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 34, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/34/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 1 (ELV)", "description": "ELA-1, now named Ensemble de Lancement Vega (short ELV), is a launch pad at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. 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