Previous Launch List
API endpoint that returns previous Launch objects.
GET Return a list of previous Launches
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed' EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency and mission name. EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/previous/?format=api&offset=100&ordering=-id
{ "count": 292, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=110&ordering=-id", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=90&ordering=-id", "results": [ { "id": "af1466bb-289b-40b3-b83c-102b3a7af047", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/af1466bb-289b-40b3-b83c-102b3a7af047/?format=api", "slug": "electron-owl-the-way-up-strix-launch-6", "name": "Electron | Owl The Way Up (StriX Launch 6)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-12-24T21:53:11Z", "net": "2024-12-21T14:17:00Z", "window_end": "2024-12-21T15:15:00Z", "window_start": "2024-12-21T14:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 147, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/147/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7955, "configuration": { "id": 26, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/26/?format=api", "name": "Electron", "family": "", "full_name": "Electron", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 6472, "name": "StriX Launch 6", "description": "Synthetic aperture radar satellites for Japanese Earth imaging company Synspective.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 1071, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1071/?format=api", "name": "Synspective", "featured": false, "type": "Private", "country_code": "JPN", "abbrev": "", "description": "Synspective was established with the aim to integrate SAR satellite technology in society through the agility of a start-up company. Synspective derives its name from the company concept of “Synthetic Data for Perspective on Sustainable Development.", "administrator": "CEO: Dr. Motoyuki Arai", "founding_year": "2018", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 0, "consecutive_successful_launches": 0, "successful_launches": 0, "failed_launches": 0, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "https://synspective.com/", "wiki_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/synspective_log_image_20240325082018.png", "image_url": null, "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/synspective_nation_20240228091738.jpg" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 185, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/185/?format=api", "agency_id": 147, "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1B", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=-39.262833,177.864469", "latitude": "-39.262833", "longitude": "177.864469", "location": { "id": 10, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/10/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1, Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand", "country_code": "NZL", "description": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1 is a commercial spaceport located close to Ahuriri Point at the southern tip of Māhia Peninsula, on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is owned and operated by private spaceflight company Rocket Lab and supports launches of the company's Electron rocket for small satellites. With the launch of Electron on 25 May 2017, it became the first private spaceport to host an orbital launch attempt, and the first site in New Zealand to host an orbital launch attempt. With the Electron launch of 21 January 2018, it became the first private spaceport to host a successful orbital launch.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_10_20200803142509.jpg", "timezone_name": "Pacific/Auckland", "total_launch_count": 60, "total_landing_count": 17 }, "country_code": "NZL", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_185_20200803143540.jpg", "total_launch_count": 29, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 29 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/electron_image_20190705175640.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6842, "location_launch_attempt_count": 52, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 25, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 58, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 253, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 13, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 12, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 16, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "ae5db3d2-1162-41b3-8f19-697150f483a3", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/ae5db3d2-1162-41b3-8f19-697150f483a3/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-turksat-6a", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | Türksat 6A", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-07-10T22:29:08Z", "net": "2024-07-08T23:30:00Z", "window_end": "2024-07-09T01:21:00Z", "window_start": "2024-07-08T21:21:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": 30, "weather_concerns": "Cumulus Cloud Rule, Anvil Cloud Rules, Surface Electric Fields Rule", "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7455, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 5853, "name": "Türksat 6A", "description": "Türksat 6A is Turkey's first domestically manufactured geostationary communications satellite. It is to reside in 42° East orbital slot, providing services to customers in Turkey, as well as in Europe, Northern coast of Africa, Middle East, India and Indonesia.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 80, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/80/?format=api", "agency_id": 121, "name": "Space Launch Complex 40", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_40", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.56194122,-80.57735736", "latitude": "28.56194122", "longitude": "-80.57735736", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1031, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_80_20200803143323.jpg", "total_launch_count": 315, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 315 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/f9_on_slc-40_2_image_20240708191203.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6719, "location_launch_attempt_count": 964, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 252, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 382, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 130, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 37, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 34, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 71, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "ae15ed89-63fa-4256-8b71-cb3c30e23e31", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/ae15ed89-63fa-4256-8b71-cb3c30e23e31/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-sirius-sxm-9", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | Sirius SXM-9", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-12-06T13:14:00Z", "net": "2024-12-05T16:10:00Z", "window_end": "2024-12-05T17:40:00Z", "window_start": "2024-12-05T16:10:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": 99, "weather_concerns": "None", "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8289, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 6870, "name": "Sirius SXM-9", "description": "SXM-9 is the 10th high-powered, digital, audio radio satellite built by Maxar (SSL) for SiriusXM. The SXM-9 satellite will be based on Maxar’s proven 1300-class platform and built at the company’s manufacturing facility in Palo Alto, California. It is expected that SXM-9 will launch in 2024. SXM-9 has a large, mesh, unfurlable reflector almost 10 meters in diameter that allows SiriusXM programming to reach its radios, including those in moving vehicles.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 87, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/87/?format=api", "agency_id": 121, "name": "Launch Complex 39A", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39#Launch_Pad_39A", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.60822681,-80.60428186", "latitude": "28.60822681", "longitude": "-80.60428186", "location": { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of NASA's ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_27_20200803142447.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 266, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_87_20200803143537.jpg", "total_launch_count": 208, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 207 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon_9_liftof_image_20241206131356.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6827, "location_launch_attempt_count": 249, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 191, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 439, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 238, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 23, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 23, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 128, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "ad025362-828f-448c-855d-bfe53e04cdeb", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/ad025362-828f-448c-855d-bfe53e04cdeb/?format=api", "slug": "electron-high-five-kineis-21-25", "name": "Electron | High Five (Kinéis 21-25)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-03-18T05:08:34Z", "net": "2025-03-18T01:31:00Z", "window_end": "2025-03-18T01:31:00Z", "window_start": "2025-03-18T01:31:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 147, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/147/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7533, "configuration": { "id": 26, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/26/?format=api", "name": "Electron", "family": "", "full_name": "Electron", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 5952, "name": "High Five (Kinéis 21-25)", "description": "Last of five batches of five satellites for the French Kinéis IoT constellation designed to operate with 25 nanosatellites of 30 kg each.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 1082, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1082/?format=api", "name": "Kinéis", "featured": false, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "FRA", "abbrev": "KIN", "description": "French company operating an Internet of Things (IoT) constellation of nano-satellites following on from the Argos system developed in the 1980s.\r\nIt was founded by the company Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) with the support of CNES, the French space agency.", "administrator": "CEO: Alexandre Tisserant", "founding_year": "2018", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 0, "consecutive_successful_launches": 0, "successful_launches": 0, "failed_launches": 0, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "https://www.kineis.com/", "wiki_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kin25c325a9is_logo_20240117103827.png", "image_url": null, "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kin25c325a9is_nation_20240117103827.png" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 65, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/65/?format=api", "agency_id": 147, "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1A", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=-39.262833,177.864469", "latitude": "-39.262833", "longitude": "177.864469", "location": { "id": 10, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/10/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1, Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand", "country_code": "NZL", "description": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1 is a commercial spaceport located close to Ahuriri Point at the southern tip of Māhia Peninsula, on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is owned and operated by private spaceflight company Rocket Lab and supports launches of the company's Electron rocket for small satellites. With the launch of Electron on 25 May 2017, it became the first private spaceport to host an orbital launch attempt, and the first site in New Zealand to host an orbital launch attempt. With the Electron launch of 21 January 2018, it became the first private spaceport to host a successful orbital launch.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_10_20200803142509.jpg", "timezone_name": "Pacific/Auckland", "total_launch_count": 60, "total_landing_count": 17 }, "country_code": "NZL", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_65_20200803143549.jpg", "total_launch_count": 31, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 31 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/electron_image_20190705175640.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6906, "location_launch_attempt_count": 56, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 29, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 62, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 57, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "acc6cddc-0c34-4d64-9cbe-1d8fa1833544", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/acc6cddc-0c34-4d64-9cbe-1d8fa1833544/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-2d-jilin-1-wideband-02b-01-to-06", "name": "Long March 2D | Jilin-1 Wideband 02B-01 to 06", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-09-20T17:21:14Z", "net": "2024-09-20T04:11:00Z", "window_end": "2024-09-20T04:26:00Z", "window_start": "2024-09-20T04:01:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 8355, "configuration": { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/17/?format=api", "name": "Long March 2D", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 2D", "variant": "2D" } }, "mission": { "id": 6936, "name": "Jilin-1 Wideband 02B-01 to 06", "description": "Earth observation satellites for the Jilin-1 commercial Earth observation satellites constellation.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 25, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/25/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Complex 9", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=38.863128,111.589567", "latitude": "38.863128", "longitude": "111.589567", "location": { "id": 19, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/19/?format=api", "name": "Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is a People's Republic of China space and defense launch facility. It is situated in Kelan County, Xinzhou, Shanxi Province and is the second of four launch sites having been founded in March 1966 and coming into full operation in 1968.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_19_20200803142421.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 142, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_25_20200803143501.jpg", "total_launch_count": 76, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 76 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long2520march25202d_image_20190222031211.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6762, "location_launch_attempt_count": 132, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 74, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 483, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 173, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 31, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "ac88db1a-3416-4671-8ae5-be14ea825806", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/ac88db1a-3416-4671-8ae5-be14ea825806/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-starlink-group-11-13", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink Group 11-13", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-04-06T03:49:50Z", "net": "2025-04-04T01:02:50Z", "window_end": "2025-04-04T02:54:00Z", "window_start": "2025-04-03T22:54:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8557, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 7148, "name": "Starlink Group 11-13", "description": "A batch of 27 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "SpX", "description": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. SpaceX operates from many pads, on the East Coast of the US they operate from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and historic LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. They also operate from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, usually for polar launches. 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