Previous Event List
API endpoint that allows past Events to be viewed.
FILTERS: 'type', 'type__ids', 'program', 'last_updated'
GET: Return a list of past Events
ORDERING: Fields - 'date', 'last_updated'
Example - /2.2.0/event/previous/?ordering=-date
GET /2.2.0/event/previous/?format=api&offset=810&ordering=-last_updated
{ "count": 984, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=820&ordering=-last_updated", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=800&ordering=-last_updated", "results": [ { "id": 738, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/738/?format=api", "slug": "nasa-artemis-ii-crew-reveal", "name": "NASA Artemis II Crew Reveal", "updates": [ { "id": 3741, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/profile_images/ll2_profile_20230311134739.png", "comment": "Livestream has started", "info_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mua1Lysc_JQ", "created_by": "LL2", "created_on": "2023-04-03T14:59:21Z" } ], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:08Z", "type": { "id": 20, "name": "Press Event" }, "description": "NASA will reveal the crew of its Artemis II mission that will fly around the moon in 2024. Out of four crew members, three will be NASA astronauts and one will be a CSA astronaut.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA", "news_url": null, "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mua1Lysc_JQ", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "Who Will Fly Around the Moon? Introducing the Artemis II Astronauts LIVE (Official NASA Broadcast)", "description": "Meet the four astronauts who will take a trip around the Moon aboard the Orion spacecraft on their approximately 10-day Artemis II mission, the first crewed ...", "feature_image": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mua1Lysc_JQ/maxresdefault.jpg", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mua1Lysc_JQ", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null } ], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/nasa_artemis_ii_image_20230309210433.jpg", "date": "2023-04-03T15:00:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [ { "id": "41699701-2ef4-4b0c-ac9d-6757820cde87", "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/41699701-2ef4-4b0c-ac9d-6757820cde87/?format=api", "slug": "sls-block-1-artemis-ii", "name": "SLS Block 1 | Artemis II", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2025-04-04T07:42:06Z", "net": "2026-04-30T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2026-04-30T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2026-04-30T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 7, "name": "Month", "abbrev": "M", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given month." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 187, "configuration": { "id": 143, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/143/?format=api", "name": "Space Launch System (SLS)", "family": "Space Launch System", "full_name": "Space Launch System Block 1", "variant": "Block 1" } }, "mission": { "id": 6343, "name": "Artemis II", "description": "Artemis II is the first crewed mission as part of the Artemis program. Artemis II will send a crew of 4 - 3 Americans and 1 Canadian around the moon and return them back to Earth.\r\n\r\nThe mission will test the core systems of NASA's Orion spacecraft including the critical life support system, among other systems which could not be tested during Artemis I due to the lack of crew onboard.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 9, "name": "Lunar flyby", "abbrev": "Lunar flyby" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 4, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/4/?format=api", "agency_id": 44, "name": "Launch Complex 39B", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39#Launch_Pad_39B", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.62711233,-80.62101503", "latitude": "28.62711233", "longitude": "-80.62101503", "location": { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of NASA's ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_27_20200803142447.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 267, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_4_20200803143518.jpg", "total_launch_count": 58, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 57 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space_launch_sy_image_20220331082429.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 15, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/15/?format=api", "name": "Artemis", "description": "The Artemis program is a US government-funded crewed spaceflight program that has the goal of landing \"the first woman and the next man\" on the Moon, specifically at the lunar south pole region by 2024.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/artemis_program_20220827100930.png", "start_date": "2017-12-11T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7156, "location_launch_attempt_count": 272, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 59, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 142, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" } ], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [], "program": [ { "id": 15, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/15/?format=api", "name": "Artemis", "description": "The Artemis program is a US government-funded crewed spaceflight program that has the goal of landing \"the first woman and the next man\" on the Moon, specifically at the lunar south pole region by 2024.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/artemis_program_20220827100930.png", "start_date": "2017-12-11T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ] }, { "id": 189, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/189/?format=api", "slug": "starship-sn8-static-fire-3", "name": "Starship SN8 Static Fire", "updates": [], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:05Z", "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Static Fire" }, "description": "SN8 performed a static fire of its Raptor engines.\r\nThe test was followed by a unintentional loss of pneumatic control of the vehicle, as well as possible damage to a raptor engine.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "Boca Chica, Texas", "news_url": null, "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJAxtqCCyn8", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "SN8 Starship Static Fire #3", "description": "11.12.2020 at 07:15 PM SpaceX Boca Chica attempted a third static fire on Starship SN8. Once again we had some type of ejecta coming from the thrust area alo...", "feature_image": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tJAxtqCCyn8/maxresdefault.jpg", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJAxtqCCyn8", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null } ], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_sn8_st_image_20201014184312.jpg_large", "date": "2020-11-13T01:15:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [], "program": [ { "id": 1, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/1/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX Starship", "description": "The SpaceX Starship is a fully reusable super heavy-lift launch vehicle under development by SpaceX since 2012, as a self-funded private spaceflight project. The second stage of the Starship — is designed as a long-duration cargo and passenger-carrying spacecraft. It is expected to be initially used without any booster stage at all, as part of an extensive development program to prove out launch-and-landing and iterate on a variety of design details, particularly with respect to the vehicle's atmospheric reentry.", "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex2520star_program_20201129204513.png", "start_date": "2019-03-01T05:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Starship", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 7, "name": "Technology" } } ] }, { "id": 192, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/192/?format=api", "slug": "change-5-sample-returns-to-earth", "name": "Chang'e 5 Sample Returns to Earth", "updates": [], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:04Z", "type": { "id": 9, "name": "Spacecraft Landing" }, "description": "The Chang'e 5 sample-return capsule will enter the Earth's atmosphere and land in Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "Dorbod Banner, Inner Mongolia, China", "news_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_5", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLW248jCxmc", "info_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "en.wikipedia.org", "title": "Chang'e 5 - Wikipedia", "description": "Chang'e 5 (Chinese: 嫦娥五号; pinyin: Cháng'é wǔhào[note 1]) was the fifth lunar exploration mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of CNSA, and China's first lunar sample-return mission.[13] Like its predecessors, the spacecraft is named after the Chinese moon goddess, Chang'e. It launched at...", "feature_image": null, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_5", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" } } ], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "[直播]嫦娥五号返回特别报道 [Live]Chang'e-5 Reentry Special Report", "description": "嫦娥五号返回器即将携带月壤样品从月球返回地面。Carrying lunar samples, Chang'e-5's return module will soon be back from the moon.", "feature_image": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bLW248jCxmc/maxresdefault.jpg", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLW248jCxmc", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null } ], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chang2527e_5_s_image_20201122182407.png", "date": "2020-12-16T17:32:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [], "program": [ { "id": 18, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/18/?format=api", "name": "Chinese Lunar Exploration Program", "description": "The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program also known as the Chang'e Project after the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). The program incorporates lunar orbiters, landers, rovers and sample return spacecraft, launched using Long March rockets.", "agencies": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chinese2520lun_program_20201129190923.png", "start_date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Exploration" } } ] }, { "id": 191, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/191/?format=api", "slug": "change-5-lunar-landing", "name": "Chang'e 5 Lunar Landing", "updates": [], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:03Z", "type": { "id": 7, "name": "Moon Landing" }, "description": "The Chinese Chang'e 5 spacecraft is scheduled to land in the Mons Rümker region of Oceanus Procellarum, located in the northwest region of the near side of the Moon. The lander will collect 2 kg of samples which will then be placed in an ascent vehicle and brought back to Earth.\r\n\r\nLanding time is approximate and not accurately known.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "Mons Rümker, Moon", "news_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_5", "video_url": null, "info_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "en.wikipedia.org", "title": "Chang'e 5 - Wikipedia", "description": "Chang'e 5 (Chinese: 嫦娥五号; pinyin: Cháng'é wǔhào[note 1]) was the fifth lunar exploration mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of CNSA, and China's first lunar sample-return mission.[13] Like its predecessors, the spacecraft is named after the Chinese moon goddess, Chang'e. It launched at...", "feature_image": null, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_5", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" } } ], "vid_urls": [], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chang2527e_5_l_image_20201122181736.png", "date": "2020-12-01T15:13:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [], "program": [ { "id": 18, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/18/?format=api", "name": "Chinese Lunar Exploration Program", "description": "The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program also known as the Chang'e Project after the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). The program incorporates lunar orbiters, landers, rovers and sample return spacecraft, launched using Long March rockets.", "agencies": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chinese2520lun_program_20201129190923.png", "start_date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Exploration" } } ] }, { "id": 190, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/190/?format=api", "slug": "arianespace-vv17-failure-press-conference", "name": "Arianespace VV17 failure press conference", "updates": [], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:02Z", "type": { "id": 20, "name": "Press Event" }, "description": "8 minutes after liftoff of Vega mission VV17, following the first ignition of the engine of the Avum upper stage, a deviation of trajectory was identified, entailing the loss of the mission. There will be a press conference Tuesday, November 17th, 2020 at 10:00 am Kourou time / 2:00 pm Paris time.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "Guyana Space Center, Kourou, French Guiana", "news_url": "https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-flight-vega-vv17-seosat-ingenio-taranis-mission-failure/", "video_url": null, "info_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.arianespace.com", "title": "– Flight Vega VV17 – SEOSAT-Ingenio / TARANIS: Mission failure", "description": "8 minutes after liftoff of Vega mission VV17, following the first ignition of the engine of the Avum upper stage, a deviation of trajectory was identified, entailing the loss of the mission.\n\nTelemetry data analyses are in progress to determine the cause of this failure.\n\nThere will be a press confe...", "feature_image": null, "url": "https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-flight-vega-vv17-seosat-ingenio-taranis-mission-failure/", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" } } ], "vid_urls": [], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/arianespace_vv1_image_20201117120738.jpeg", "date": "2020-11-17T13:00:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [], "program": [] }, { "id": 768, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/768/?format=api", "slug": "spacex-crew-7-crew-dragon-docking", "name": "SpaceX Crew-7 Crew Dragon Docking", "updates": [ { "id": 4678, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/profile_images/cosmic2520penguin_profile_20210817212020.png", "comment": "New docking time.", "info_url": "https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1683878567539613696", "created_by": "Cosmic_Penguin", "created_on": "2023-07-25T16:49:03Z" }, { "id": 4762, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/profile_images/cosmic2520penguin_profile_20210817212020.png", "comment": "New docking time.", "info_url": "https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2023/08/03/nasa-spacex-reset-crew-7-launch-to-friday-aug-25/", "created_by": "Cosmic_Penguin", "created_on": "2023-08-03T17:52:40Z" }, { "id": 5008, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/profile_images/ll2_profile_20230311134739.png", "comment": "Livestream has started", "info_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEsyo5WLFkQ", "created_by": "LL2", "created_on": "2023-08-27T11:10:45Z" } ], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:02Z", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Docking" }, "description": "The Crew-7 Crew Dragon will dock autonomously to the International Space Station, carrying four astronauts to the International Space Station.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "International Space Station", "news_url": null, "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEsyo5WLFkQ", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "Crew-7 | Approach and Docking", "description": "On Sunday, August 27 at 9:16 a.m. ET, SpaceX’s Dragon autonomously docked with the International Space Station. Almost 30 hours earlier at 3:27 a.m. ET, Falc...", "feature_image": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bEsyo5WLFkQ/maxresdefault.jpg", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEsyo5WLFkQ", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Official Webcast" }, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null } ], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_dm-2_cre_image_20200504065311.jpeg", "date": "2023-08-27T13:08:00Z", "date_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "duration": "PT2H25M38S", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "SpX", "description": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. SpaceX operates from many pads, on the East Coast of the US they operate from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and historic LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. They also operate from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, usually for polar launches. Another launch site is being developed at Boca Chica, Texas.", "administrator": "CEO: Elon Musk", "founding_year": "2002", "launchers": "Falcon | Starship", "spacecraft": "Dragon", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_image_20190207032501.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_logo_20220826094919.png" } ], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [ { "id": 4, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacestation/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "founded": "1998-11-20", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component was launched into orbit in 1998, with the first long-term residents arriving in November 2000. It has been inhabited continuously since that date. The last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. The station is expected to operate until 2030. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several new elements scheduled for launch in 2019. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, solar arrays, radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. 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