Previous Event List
API endpoint that allows past Events to be viewed.
FILTERS: 'type', 'type__ids', 'program', 'last_updated'
GET: Return a list of past Events
ORDERING: Fields - 'date', 'last_updated'
Example - /2.2.0/event/previous/?ordering=-date
GET /2.2.0/event/previous/?format=api&offset=800&ordering=-last_updated
{ "count": 984, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=810&ordering=-last_updated", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=790&ordering=-last_updated", "results": [ { "id": 197, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/197/?format=api", "slug": "starship-sn8-testing", "name": "Starship SN8 Testing", "updates": [], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:15Z", "type": { "id": 21, "name": "Cryoproof Test" }, "description": "SN8 performed a Wet Dress Rehearsal to validate tank performance before the 15 km flight.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "Boca Chica, Texas", "news_url": null, "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ky5l9ZxsG9M", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "Nerdle Cam 4K- SpaceX SN10 At Boca Chica Starship Launch Facility", "description": "NO LAUNCH TODAY ~ Saturday 2/13/2021 Welcome to the LabPadre 24/7 Livestream! || Onsite weather provided by INITWeather.com || BOCA CHICA NEWS: Flight TFRs a...", "feature_image": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Ky5l9ZxsG9M/maxresdefault_live.jpg", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ky5l9ZxsG9M", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null } ], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_sn8_st_image_20201124165142.jpeg", "date": "2020-12-03T03:00:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [], "program": [ { "id": 1, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/1/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX Starship", "description": "The SpaceX Starship is a fully reusable super heavy-lift launch vehicle under development by SpaceX since 2012, as a self-funded private spaceflight project. The second stage of the Starship — is designed as a long-duration cargo and passenger-carrying spacecraft. It is expected to be initially used without any booster stage at all, as part of an extensive development program to prove out launch-and-landing and iterate on a variety of design details, particularly with respect to the vehicle's atmospheric reentry.", "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex2520star_program_20201129204513.png", "start_date": "2019-03-01T05:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Starship", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 7, "name": "Technology" } } ] }, { "id": 718, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/718/?format=api", "slug": "spacex-crew-6-crew-dragon-docking", "name": "SpaceX Crew-6 Crew Dragon Docking", "updates": [ { "id": 3440, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/profile_images/cosmic2520penguin_profile_20210817212020.png", "comment": "New docking time", "info_url": "https://twitter.com/Space_Station/status/1631484071871225856", "created_by": "Cosmic_Penguin", "created_on": "2023-03-03T03:53:14Z" } ], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:14Z", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Docking" }, "description": "The Crew-6 Crew Dragon will dock autonomously to the International Space Station, carrying four astronauts to the International Space Station.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "International Space Station", "news_url": null, "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lCOXZQ4ucs", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "Crew-6 Mission | Approach and Docking", "description": "On Friday, March 3 at 1:40 a.m. ET, SpaceX’s Dragon autonomously docked with the International Space Station. Approximately 25 hours earlier at 12:34 a.m. ET...", "feature_image": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3lCOXZQ4ucs/maxresdefault.jpg", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lCOXZQ4ucs", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null } ], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_dm-2_cre_image_20200504065311.jpeg", "date": "2023-03-03T05:43:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [ { "id": 4, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacestation/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "founded": "1998-11-20", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component was launched into orbit in 1998, with the first long-term residents arriving in November 2000. It has been inhabited continuously since that date. The last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. The station is expected to operate until 2030. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several new elements scheduled for launch in 2019. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, solar arrays, radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles.", "orbit": "Low Earth Orbit", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2520space2520station_image_20190220215716.jpeg" } ], "program": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 5, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/5/?format=api", "name": "Commercial Crew Program", "description": "The Commercial Crew Program (CCP) is a human spaceflight program operated by NASA, in association with American aerospace manufacturers Boeing and SpaceX. The program conducts rotations between the expeditions of the International Space Station program, transporting crews to and from the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Boeing Starliner and SpaceX Crew Dragon capsules, in the first crewed orbital spaceflights operated by private companies.", "agencies": [ { "id": 80, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/80/?format=api", "name": "Boeing", "type": "Commercial" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/commercial2520_program_20200820201209.png", "start_date": "2011-04-18T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/crew/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ] }, { "id": 739, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/739/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-ms-23-relocation", "name": "Soyuz MS-23 Relocation", "updates": [ { "id": 3758, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/profile_images/ll2_profile_20230311134739.png", "comment": "Livestream has started", "info_url": "https://www.youtube.com/live/4F4gKjrrM8s", "created_by": "LL2", "created_on": "2023-04-06T08:16:55Z" } ], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:13Z", "type": { "id": 25, "name": "Spacecraft Relocation" }, "description": "The Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft will be relocated from the Poisk module to the Pirchal module. Undocking scheduled at 8:42 UTC, redocking scheduled at 9:21 UTC.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "International Space Station", "news_url": null, "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/live/4F4gKjrrM8s", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "Avant d'accéder à YouTube", "description": "\n• Suivre les interruptions de service et protéger contre le spam, les fraudes et les abus\n• Mesurer l'engagement de l'audience et les statistiques des sites pour comprendre la façon dont nos services sont utilisés et pour améliorer leur qualité\n• Développer de nouveaux services et les améliorer\n• D...", "feature_image": null, "url": "https://www.youtube.com/live/4F4gKjrrM8s", "type": null, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null } ], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_ms_in_orb_image_20240313130407.jpeg", "date": "2023-04-06T08:45:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [ { "id": 4, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacestation/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "founded": "1998-11-20", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component was launched into orbit in 1998, with the first long-term residents arriving in November 2000. It has been inhabited continuously since that date. The last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. The station is expected to operate until 2030. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several new elements scheduled for launch in 2019. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, solar arrays, radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles.", "orbit": "Low Earth Orbit", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2520space2520station_image_20190220215716.jpeg" } ], "program": [ { "id": 8, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/8/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "description": "The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.", "agencies": [ { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 66, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_program_20201129185543.png", "start_date": "1966-11-28T11:02:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ] }, { "id": 196, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/196/?format=api", "slug": "ng-14-cygnus-release-reentry", "name": "NG-14 Cygnus Release & Reentry", "updates": [], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:12Z", "type": { "id": 13, "name": "Spacecraft Release" }, "description": "The Northrop Grumman NG-14 Cygnus will be unberthed from the ISS before initiating a destructive reentry into the Earth's atmosphere taking waste along with it.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "International Space Station", "news_url": null, "video_url": null, "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ng-112520cygnus2520release2520and2520reentry_image_20190716173223.jpeg", "date": "2021-01-06T15:10:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [], "spacestations": [ { "id": 4, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacestation/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "founded": "1998-11-20", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component was launched into orbit in 1998, with the first long-term residents arriving in November 2000. It has been inhabited continuously since that date. The last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. The station is expected to operate until 2030. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several new elements scheduled for launch in 2019. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, solar arrays, radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles.", "orbit": "Low Earth Orbit", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2520space2520station_image_20190220215716.jpeg" } ], "program": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 11, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/11/?format=api", "name": "Commercial Resupply Services", "description": "Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) are a series of flights awarded by NASA for the delivery of cargo and supplies to the International Space Station.The first CRS contracts were signed in 2008 and awarded $1.6 billion to SpaceX for twelve cargo Dragon and $1.9 billion to Orbital Sciences for eight Cygnus flights, covering deliveries to 2016. The Falcon 9 and Antares rockets were also developed under the CRS program to deliver cargo spacecraft to the ISS.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 257, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/257/?format=api", "name": "Northrop Grumman Space Systems", "type": "Commercial" }, { "id": 1020, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1020/?format=api", "name": "Sierra Nevada Corporation", "type": "Commercial" }, { "id": 121, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/commercial2520_program_20201129212219.png", "start_date": "2008-12-23T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services#Commercial_Resupply_Services", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ] }, { "id": 342, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/event/342/?format=api", "slug": "russian-eva-esa", "name": "Russian EVA-ESA", "updates": [], "last_updated": "2024-03-05T17:24:12Z", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "EVA" }, "description": "ROSCOSMOS cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev and ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti will perform an EVA outside the International Space Station.", "webcast_live": false, "location": "International Space Station", "news_url": null, "video_url": null, "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [], "feature_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian_eva-46_image_20201113081602.jpeg", "date": "2022-07-21T13:30:00Z", "date_precision": null, "duration": null, "agencies": [], "launches": [], "expeditions": [ { "id": 147, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/expedition/147/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67", "start": "2022-03-30T07:21:00Z", "end": "2022-09-28T13:35:00Z", "spacestation": { "id": 4, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacestation/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "orbit": "Low Earth Orbit", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2520space2520station_image_20190220215716.jpeg" }, "mission_patches": [ { "id": 621, "name": "Expedition 67 Patch", "priority": 10, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/mission_patch_images/expedition2520_mission_patch_20220330073231.png", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" } } ], "spacewalks": [ { "id": 439, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacewalks/439/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67 EVA 4", "start": "2022-08-17T13:53:00Z", "end": "2022-08-17T17:54:00Z", "duration": "PT4H1M", "location": "International Space Station" }, { "id": 436, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacewalks/436/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67 EVA 1", "start": "2022-04-18T15:01:00Z", "end": "2022-04-18T21:37:00Z", "duration": "PT6H36M", "location": "International Space Station" }, { "id": 437, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacewalks/437/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67 EVA 2", "start": "2022-04-28T14:58:00Z", "end": "2022-04-28T22:40:00Z", "duration": "PT7H42M", "location": "International Space Station" }, { "id": 440, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacewalks/440/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67 EVA 5", "start": "2022-09-02T13:25:00Z", "end": "2022-09-02T21:12:00Z", "duration": "PT7H47M", "location": "International Space Station" }, { "id": 438, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacewalks/438/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67 EVA 3", "start": "2022-07-21T14:50:00Z", "end": "2022-07-21T21:55:00Z", "duration": "PT7H5M", "location": "International Space Station" } ] } ], "spacestations": [ { "id": 4, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacestation/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "founded": "1998-11-20", "description": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. 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