Astronaut List
API endpoint that allows Astronaut to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing astronauts.
MODE: Normal, List, LaunchList and Detailed /2.2.0/astronaut/?mode=detailed
FILTERS: Parameters - 'name', 'status', 'nationality', 'agency__name', 'agency__abbrev', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death', 'status_ids', 'is_human', 'type__id', 'has_flown', 'in_space' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?nationality=American
SEARCH EXAMPLE: /2.2.0/astronaut/?search=armstrong Searches through name, nationality and agency name
ORDERING: Fields - 'name', 'status', 'date_of_birth' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?order=name
GET /2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&offset=580&ordering=-status
{ "count": 846, "next": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=590&ordering=-status", "previous": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=570&ordering=-status", "results": [ { "id": 195, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/195/?format=api", "name": "Musa Manarov", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P541DT29M38S", "eva_time": "P1DT11H2M", "age": 74, "date_of_birth": "1951-03-22", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (Russian: Муса Хираманович Манаров; born March 22, 1951 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) is a former cosmonaut who spent 541 days in space.\r\nFrom December 21, 1987 to December 21, 1988 he flew as flight engineer on Soyuz TM-4. The flight duration was 365 days 22 hours 38 minutes. From December 2, 1990 to May 26, 1991 he flew again as a flight engineer on Soyuz TM-11. The duration was 175 days 1 hour 50 minutes,[2] the longest continuous time spent in space by anyone at that time. During his 176-day stay, Manarov observed the Earth and worked in space manufacturing. He also performed 20 hours of spacewalks.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Manarov", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/musa2520manarov_image_20181201175155.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190201.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 7, "last_flight": "1990-12-02T08:13:32Z", "first_flight": "1987-12-21T11:18:03Z" }, { "id": 223, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/223/?format=api", "name": "Aleksandr Poleshchuk", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P179DT42M55S", "eva_time": "PT9H58M", "age": 72, "date_of_birth": "1953-10-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Aleksandr Fyodorovich Poleshchuk (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Полещук, born October 30, 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut.\r\nIn February 1989 he was selected as a test cosmonaut candidate (1989 Cosmonaut Candidates Class, Group 14, Civil Specialists). From September 1989 to January 1991 he underwent the complete course of general space training and was qualified as a test cosmonaut, and then till March 1992 he undertook advanced training for the Soyuz-TM transport vehicle and Mir station flight.\r\n\r\nIn 1992 he was selected as the backup flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-15 joint Russian-French mission, and consequently nominated as the flight engineer of the prime crew of Soyuz TM-16. In space from January 24 to July 22, 1993, he participated in a 179-day space flight with Gennady Manakov. During the flight he performed two EVAs totaling 9 hours and 58 minutes. Also testing of the androgynous peripheral docking subassembly of the Kristall module was performed.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Poleshchuk", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/aleksandr2520poleshchuk_image_20181201212023.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185243.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 2, "last_flight": "1993-01-24T05:58:05Z", "first_flight": "1993-01-24T05:58:05Z" }, { "id": 364, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/364/?format=api", "name": "Charles Bolden", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P28DT8H36M30S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 79, "date_of_birth": "1946-08-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Charles Frank Bolden Jr. is a former Administrator of NASA, a retired United States Marine Corps Major General, and a former NASA astronaut.\r\n\r\nA 1968 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he became a Marine Aviator and test pilot. After his service as an astronaut, he became Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy.\r\n\r\nOn May 23, 2009, President Barack Obama announced the nomination of Bolden as NASA Administrator and Lori Garver as Deputy NASA Administrator. Bolden was confirmed by the Senate on July 15, 2009. He was the first African American to head the agency on a permanent basis.\r\n\r\nOn January 12, 2017, Bolden announced his resignation from NASA during a town hall meeting at NASA Headquarters in Washington D.C. His last day would be January 19, and Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. was announced as acting NASA Administrator.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/cboldenjr", "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bolden", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/charles2520bolden_image_20181202112229.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191013.jpeg", "flights_count": 4, "landings_count": 4, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1994-02-03T12:10:00Z", "first_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z" }, { "id": 97, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/97/?format=api", "name": "Vladimir Dzhanibekov", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P145DT15H58M35S", "eva_time": "PT8H34M", "age": 83, "date_of_birth": "1942-05-13", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Джанибеков, born 13 May 1942) is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.\r\n\r\nDzhanibekov made five flights: Soyuz 27, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-6, Soyuz T-12 and Soyuz T-13. In all he had spent 145 days, 15 hours and 56 minutes in space over these five missions. He had also performed two EVAs with a total time of 8 hours and 35 minutes. In 1985 he noted the effects of the tennis racket theorem, subsequently also called the Dzhanibekov effect, by showing that an object's second principal axis is unstable while in free-fall rotation.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Dzhanibekov", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vladimir2520dzhanibekov_image_20181128230017.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185427.jpeg", "flights_count": 5, "landings_count": 5, "spacewalks_count": 2, "last_flight": "1985-06-06T06:39:52Z", "first_flight": "1978-01-10T12:26:00Z" }, { "id": 67, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/67/?format=api", "name": "Yuri Baturin", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P19DT19H55M29S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 76, "date_of_birth": "1949-06-12", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Yuri Mikhailovich Baturin (Russian: Юрий Михайлович Батурин (born 12 June 1949, Moscow, Soviet Union {now Russia})), is a Russian cosmonaut and former politician.\r\n\r\nBaturin graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1973, and is the former Assistant to the President on National Security and Secretaty of the Defense Council (1996-1998); he is also an author in constitutional law. Baturin was also a cosmonaut who flew on two missions.\r\n\r\nHis first spaceflight, sometimes called Mir EP-4, was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-28 13 August 1998, and landed with Soyuz TM-27. He was a Research Cosmonaut for this mission, which lasted for 11 days 19 hours 39 minutes. His second spaceflight was ISS EP-1, which was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32 on April 28, 2001, and landed with Soyuz TM-31. This mission was notable as carrying to first paying space tourist Dennis Tito. For this mission he was designated a Flight Engineer; the mission lasted for 7 days 22 hours and 4 minutes.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Baturin", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yuri2520baturin_image_20181128221206.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185949.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2001-04-28T07:37:20Z", "first_flight": "1998-08-13T09:43:11Z" }, { "id": 413, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/413/?format=api", "name": "William F. Readdy", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P28DT43M44S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 73, "date_of_birth": "1952-01-24", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "William Francis Readdy is a former Associate Administrator of the Office of Space Flight, at NASA Headquarters.\r\n\r\nHe graduated from McLean High School, McLean, Virginia, in 1970 and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering (with honors) from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1974. He's a distinguished graduate of the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School 1980. Readdy is a Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Explorers Club, and the Royal Astronautical Society and is an Associate Fellow of the AIAA. He also belongs to the Association of Space Explorers.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Readdy", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520f.2520readdy_image_20181202140919.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190236.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1996-09-16T08:54:49Z", "first_flight": "1992-01-22T14:52:33Z" }, { "id": 378, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/378/?format=api", "name": "Jerry L. Ross", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P58DT51M5S", "eva_time": "P2DT9H55M", "age": 77, "date_of_birth": "1948-01-20", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Jerry Lynn Ross is a retired United States Air Force officer and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of seven Space Shuttle missions, making him the joint record holder for most spaceflights (a record he shares with Franklin Chang-Diaz). His papers, photographs and many personal items are in the Barron Hilton Flight and Space Exploration Archives at Purdue University. He was inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame during ceremonies in May 2014.\r\n\r\nRoss is the author of Spacewalker: My Journey in Space and Faith as NASA's Record-Setting Frequent Flyer (Purdue University Press, 2013) with John Norberg. In March 2014 it was announced \"Spacewalker\" will be available in a French translation through the specialist aerospace publisher Altipresse.\r\n\r\nFellow astronaut Chris Hadfield describes Ross in his autobiography, An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth, as \"the embodiment of the trustworthy, loyal, courteous and brave astronaut archetype.\"", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_L._Ross", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jerry2520l.2520ross_image_20181202121238.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185452.jpeg", "flights_count": 7, "landings_count": 7, "spacewalks_count": 9, "last_flight": "2002-04-08T20:44:19Z", "first_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z" }, { "id": 190, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/190/?format=api", "name": "Yuri Malenchenko", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P827DT9H21M40S", "eva_time": "P1DT10H54M", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1961-12-22", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (Russian: Юрий Иванович Маленченко; born December 22, 1961) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. Malenchenko became the first person to marry in space, on 10 August 2003, when he married Ekaterina Dmitrieva, who was in Texas, while he was 240 miles over New Zealand, on the International Space Station. As of June 2016, Malenchenko ranks second for career time in space due to his time on both Mir and the International Space Station (ISS). He is a former Commander of the International Space Station.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Malenchenko", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yuri2520malenchenko_image_20181201174359.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185848.jpeg", "flights_count": 6, "landings_count": 6, "spacewalks_count": 6, "last_flight": "2015-12-15T11:03:09Z", "first_flight": "1994-07-01T12:24:50Z" }, { "id": 503, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/503/?format=api", "name": "Mike Massimino", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P23DT19H48M2S", "eva_time": "P1DT6H44M", "age": 63, "date_of_birth": "1962-08-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Michael James Massimino is an American professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University and a former NASA astronaut. He is the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.\r\n\r\nEarly life Massimino was born August 19, 1962 in Oceanside, New York, and raised in Franklin Square, New York, both on Long Island. He graduated from H. Frank Carey Junior-Senior High School in Franklin Square, New York in 1980. He went on to attend Columbia University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering in 1984. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating with a Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Master of Science degree in Technology and Public Policy in 1988. He continued his education at MIT, earning a Degree of Mechanical Engineer in 1990 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1992.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Mike", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/astromikemassimino/", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Massimino", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mike_massimino_image_20220911033638.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185226.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 4, "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "2002-03-01T11:22:02Z" }, { "id": 484, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/484/?format=api", "name": "Yi So-yeon", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P10DT21H13M21S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1978-06-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "South Korean", "bio": "Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space.\r\nYi was one of the two finalists chosen on December 25, 2006 through the Korean Astronaut Program. On September 5, 2007, the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology chose Ko San, over Yi So-yeon, following performance and other tests during their training in Russia.\r\n\r\nOn March 7, 2008, she was selected to train with the primary crew, and on March 10 the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology announced that Yi would replace Ko. This was after the Russian Federal Space Agency asked for a replacement, because Ko violated regulations several times at a Russian training center by removing sensitive reading materials and mailing one back to Korea. On April 8, 2008, Yi was launched into space on board Soyuz TMA-12 with two Russian cosmonauts. South Korea is reported to have paid Russia $20 million for Yi's space flight. She is the third woman, after Helen Sharman of the United Kingdom and Anousheh Ansari an Iranian American, to be the first national from their country in space.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon", "agency": { "id": 261, "url": "https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/261/?format=api", "name": "Korean Astronaut Program", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "KOR", "abbrev": "KAP", "description": "The Korean Astronaut Program was an initiative by the South Korean government to send the first Korean into space via the Russian space program. In 2008, Yi So-yeon became the first and only Korean to go to space for 10 days.", "administrator": null, "founding_year": "2006", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": null }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yi2520so-yeon_image_20181202184152.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191115.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z", "first_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z" } ] }
