{"count":862,"next":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/?format=json&limit=10&offset=50","previous":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/?format=json&limit=10&offset=30","results":[{"id":195,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/195/?format=json","name":"Musa Manarov","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1951-03-22","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"Russian","bio":"Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (Russian: Муса Хираманович Манаров; born March 22, 1951 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) is a former cosmonaut who spent 541 days in space.\r\nFrom December 21, 1987 to December 21, 1988 he flew as flight engineer on Soyuz TM-4. The flight duration was 365 days 22 hours 38 minutes. From December 2, 1990 to May 26, 1991 he flew again as a flight engineer on Soyuz TM-11. The duration was 175 days 1 hour 50 minutes,[2] the longest continuous time spent in space by anyone at that time. During his 176-day stay, Manarov observed the Earth and worked in space manufacturing. He also performed 20 hours of spacewalks.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Manarov","agency":{"id":63,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"RUS","abbrev":"RFSA","description":"The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.","administrator":"Administrator: Yuri Borisov","founding_year":"1992","launchers":"Soyuz","spacecraft":"Soyuz","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/musa2520manarov_image_20181201175155.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190201.jpeg","last_flight":"1990-12-02T08:13:32Z","first_flight":"1987-12-21T11:18:03Z"},{"id":314,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/314/?format=json","name":"William R. Pogue","status":{"id":11,"name":"Deceased"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1930-01-23","date_of_death":"2014-03-03","nationality":"American","bio":"William Reid Pogue was an American astronaut, U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, and test pilot who was also an accomplished teacher, public speaker and author.\r\n\r\nBorn and educated in Oklahoma, Pogue graduated from college and enlisted in the United States Air Force, in which he served for 24 years. He flew combat during the Korean War, and with the elite USAF Thunderbirds. He served as a flight instructor and mathematics professor, and was a versatile test pilot, including two years in an exchange with the RAF (UK).\r\n\r\nColonel Pogue was an Air Force instructor when accepted into NASA in 1966. His astronaut career included one orbital mission, as pilot of the last crew of Skylab. The crew set a duration record (84 days) that was unbroken in NASA for over 20 years, and in orbit they conducted dozens of research experiments. The mission was also noted for a dispute with ground control over schedule management that news media named “The Skylab Mutiny”.\r\n\r\nPogue retired from both the USAF and NASA a few months after he returned from Skylab. Over the next 30 plus years he taught, lectured, consulted, and wrote about aviation and aeronatics, in the US and abroad. He died in 2014, age 84, survived by three children, four stepsons, and his third wife.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Pogue","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.","administrator":"Administrator: Jared Isaacman","founding_year":"1958","launchers":"Space Shuttle | SLS","spacecraft":"Orion","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520r.2520pogue_image_20181202091951.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185644.jpeg","last_flight":"1973-11-16T14:01:23Z","first_flight":"1973-11-16T14:01:23Z"},{"id":214,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/214/?format=json","name":"Takuya Onishi","status":{"id":1,"name":"Active"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1975-12-22","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"Japanese","bio":"Takuya Onishi (大西 卓哉 Ōnishi Takuya, born 1975) is a Japanese astronaut selected for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2009.[1] He spent four months onboard the International Space Station in 2016.","twitter":"https://twitter.com/Astro_Onishi","instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takuya_Onishi","agency":{"id":37,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/37/?format=json","name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"JPN","abbrev":"JAXA","description":"The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan's national aero-space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and the launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions, such as asteroid exploration and possible manned exploration of the Moon. JAXA launch their Epsilon vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center and their H-II vehicles from the Tanegashima Space Center.","administrator":"Administrator: Hiroshi Yamakawa","founding_year":"2003","launchers":"H-II","spacecraft":"","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_image_20190207032440.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/takuya2520onishi_image_20181201184314.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190231.jpeg","last_flight":"2025-03-14T23:03:48Z","first_flight":"2016-07-07T01:36:40Z"},{"id":378,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/378/?format=json","name":"Jerry L. Ross","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1948-01-20","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Jerry Lynn Ross is a retired United States Air Force officer and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of seven Space Shuttle missions, making him the joint record holder for most spaceflights (a record he shares with Franklin Chang-Diaz). His papers, photographs and many personal items are in the Barron Hilton Flight and Space Exploration Archives at Purdue University. He was inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame during ceremonies in May 2014.\r\n\r\nRoss is the author of Spacewalker: My Journey in Space and Faith as NASA's Record-Setting Frequent Flyer (Purdue University Press, 2013) with John Norberg. In March 2014 it was announced \"Spacewalker\" will be available in a French translation through the specialist aerospace publisher Altipresse.\r\n\r\nFellow astronaut Chris Hadfield describes Ross in his autobiography, An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth, as \"the embodiment of the trustworthy, loyal, courteous and brave astronaut archetype.\"","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_L._Ross","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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Bloomfield","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1959-03-16","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Michael John \"Bloomer\" Bloomfield is an American former astronaut and a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Bloomfield","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.","administrator":"Administrator: Jared Isaacman","founding_year":"1958","launchers":"Space Shuttle | SLS","spacecraft":"Orion","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael2520j.2520bloomfield_image_20181202150848.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191019.jpeg","last_flight":"2002-04-08T20:44:19Z","first_flight":"1997-09-26T02:34:19Z"},{"id":780,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/780/?format=json","name":"Kellie Gerardi","status":{"id":14,"name":"Occasional Spaceflight"},"type":{"id":3,"name":"Private"},"date_of_birth":"1989-02-16","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Kellie Gerardi is an American aerospace, defense, and technology professional and a popular science communicator.","twitter":"https://twitter.com/kelliegerardi","instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellie_Gerardi","agency":{"id":1078,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/1078/?format=json","name":"International Institute for Aeronautical Sciences","featured":false,"type":"Multinational","country_code":"???","abbrev":"IIAS","description":"An international research institute specializing in aeronomy, bioastronautics, operational science, and flight test engineering.","administrator":null,"founding_year":null,"launchers":"","spacecraft":"","parent":null,"image_url":null},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kellie_gerardi_image_20231019173010.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185931.jpeg","last_flight":"2023-11-02T15:44:00Z","first_flight":"2023-11-02T15:44:00Z"},{"id":711,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/711/?format=json","name":"Andre Douglas","status":{"id":1,"name":"Active"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":null,"date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Andre Douglas is a Virginia native. He earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Michigan, a master’s degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan, a master’s degree in electrical and computer engineering from Johns Hopkins University, and a doctorate in systems engineering from the George Washington University. Douglas served in the U.S. Coast Guard as a naval architect, salvage engineer, damage control assistant, and officer of the deck. He most recently was a senior staff member at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, working on maritime robotics, planetary defense, and space exploration missions for NASA.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Douglas","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.","administrator":"Administrator: Jared Isaacman","founding_year":"1958","launchers":"Space Shuttle | SLS","spacecraft":"Orion","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/andre_douglas_image_20211206185403.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190123.jpeg","last_flight":null,"first_flight":null},{"id":47,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/47/?format=json","name":"Rusty Schweickart","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1935-10-25","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Russell Louis \"Rusty\" Schweickart is an American aeronautical engineer, and a former NASA astronaut, research scientist, U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, as well as a former business executive and government executive.\r\n\r\nSelected in 1963 for NASA's third astronaut group, he is best known as the Lunar Module Pilot on the 1969 Apollo 9 mission, the first manned flight test of the Lunar Module, on which he performed the first in-space test of the Portable Life Support System used by the Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon. As backup Commander of the first manned Skylab mission in 1973, he was responsible for developing the hardware and procedures used by the first crew to perform critical in-flight repairs of the Skylab station. After Skylab, he served for a time as Director of User Affairs in NASA's Office of Applications.\r\n\r\nSchweickart left NASA in 1977 to serve for two years as California Governor Jerry Brown's assistant for science and technology, then was appointed by Brown to California's Energy Commission for five and a half years, serving as chairman for three.\r\n\r\nIn 1984–85 he co-founded the Association of Space Explorers and later in 2002 co-founded the B612 Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to defending Earth from asteroid impacts, along with fellow former astronaut Ed Lu and two planetary scientists. He served for a period as its chair before becoming its chair emeritus.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.","administrator":"Administrator: Jared Isaacman","founding_year":"1958","launchers":"Space Shuttle | SLS","spacecraft":"Orion","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rusty2520schweickart_image_20181128145913.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190342.jpeg","last_flight":"1969-03-03T16:00:00Z","first_flight":"1969-03-03T16:00:00Z"},{"id":647,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/647/?format=json","name":"Sergey Kud-Sverchkov","status":{"id":1,"name":"Active"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1983-08-23","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"Russian","bio":"Sergey Vladimirvich Kud-Sverchkov Is a Kazakh-Russian engineer and cosmonaut selected in 2010.","twitter":"https://twitter.com/KudSverchkov","instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Kud-Sverchkov","agency":{"id":63,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"RUS","abbrev":"RFSA","description":"The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.","administrator":"Administrator: Yuri Borisov","founding_year":"1992","launchers":"Soyuz","spacecraft":"Soyuz","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sergey_kud-sver_image_20200603145217.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191157.jpeg","last_flight":"2025-11-27T09:27:57Z","first_flight":"2020-10-14T05:45:04Z"},{"id":189,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/189/?format=json","name":"Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov","status":{"id":11,"name":"Deceased"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1933-01-06","date_of_death":"2003-05-28","nationality":"Russian","bio":"Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (Russian: Оле́г Григо́рьевич Мака́ров) (6 January 1933 – 28 May 2003) was a Soviet cosmonaut.\r\nHe was originally part of the Soviet lunar program and was training with Aleksei Leonov for the first manned circumlunar flight. After the success of Apollo 8, however, the flight was cancelled.\r\n\r\nHis first spaceflight was Soyuz 12 in 1973, a test flight to check the changes made to the Soyuz spacecraft after the Soyuz 11 disaster. His second flight was the abortive Soyuz 18a that made an emergency landing in the Altay Mountains, 21 minutes after launch. With his third launch on Soyuz 27 he flew to space station Salyut 6 and landed five days later with the Soyuz 26 spacecraft. His last mission was Soyuz T-3, during which several repairs on Salyut 6 were done. He also served on the backup crews for Soyuz 17 and Soyuz T-2. Altogether he spent 20 days, 17 hours, and 44 minutes in space.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Grigoryevich_Makarov","agency":{"id":63,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"RUS","abbrev":"RFSA","description":"The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.","administrator":"Administrator: Yuri Borisov","founding_year":"1992","launchers":"Soyuz","spacecraft":"Soyuz","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/oleg2520grigoryevich2520makarov_image_20181201174249.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190610.jpeg","last_flight":"1980-11-27T14:18:28Z","first_flight":"1973-09-27T12:18:16Z"}]}