{"count":858,"next":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/?format=json&limit=10&offset=40","previous":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/?format=json&limit=10&offset=20","results":[{"id":357,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/357/?format=json","name":"Judith Resnik","status":{"id":4,"name":"Lost In Flight"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1949-04-05","date_of_death":"1986-01-28","nationality":"American","bio":"Judith Arlene Resnik was an American electrical engineer, software engineer, biomedical engineer, pilot and NASA astronaut, who died when the Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed during the launch of mission STS-51-L.\r\n\r\nRecognised while still a child for her \"intellectual brilliance\",[1] Resnik went on to work for RCA as an engineer on NASA missile and radar projects, was a senior systems engineer for Xerox Corporation, and published research on special purpose integrated circuitry, before she was recruited by NASA to the astronaut program as a mission specialist at age 28. While training on the astronaut program, she developed software and operating procedures for NASA missions.[2] She was also a pilot and made research contributions to biomedical engineering, as a research fellow of biomedical engineering at the National Institutes of Health.\r\n\r\nInitially planning to be a concert pianist, Resnik had turned down a place at the Juilliard School of Music, choosing instead to study mathematics at Carnegie Mellon University after being one of only 16 girls in the United States to have attained 100% scores in her SAT exams at the time. She went on to graduate from Carnegie Institute of Technology in electrical engineering, before graduating with a Ph.D. magna cum laude in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland.\r\n\r\nResnik was the second American woman in space, and the fourth woman in space worldwide, logging 145 hours in orbit. She was also the first Jewish American in space, and the first Jewish woman of any nationality in space. The IEEE Judith Resnik Award for space engineering is named in her honor.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.","administrator":"Administrator: Jared Isaacman","founding_year":"1958","launchers":"Space Shuttle | SLS","spacecraft":"Orion","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/judith_resnik_image_20220911033530.jpeg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190441.jpeg","last_flight":"1986-01-28T16:38:00Z","first_flight":"1984-08-30T12:41:50Z"},{"id":489,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/489/?format=json","name":"Scott Kelly","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1964-02-21","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Scott Joseph Kelly is an engineer, retired American astronaut, and a retired U.S. Navy Captain. A veteran of four space flights, Kelly commanded the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26, 45, and 46.\r\n\r\nKelly's first spaceflight was as pilot of Space Shuttle Discovery, during STS-103 in December 1999. This was the third servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and lasted for just under eight days. Kelly's second spaceflight was as mission commander of STS-118, a 12-day Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station in August 2007. Kelly's third spaceflight was as commander of Expedition 26 on the ISS. He arrived 9 October 2010, on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, during Expedition 25, and served as a flight engineer until it ended. He took over command of the station on 25 November 2010, at the start of Expedition 26 which began officially when the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-19 undocked, carrying the previous commander of the station, Douglas H. Wheelock. Expedition 26 ended on 16 March 2011 with the departure of Soyuz TMA-01M. This was Kelly's first long-duration spaceflight.\r\n\r\nIn November 2012, Kelly was selected, along with Mikhail Korniyenko, for a year-long mission to the International Space Station. Their year in space commenced 27 March 2015 with the start of Expedition 43, continued through the entirety of Expeditions 44, and 45, both of which Kelly commanded. He passed command to Timothy Kopra on 29 February 2016, when the ISS 11-month mission ended. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-18M on 1 March 2016.","twitter":"https://twitter.com/StationCDRKelly","instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/stationcdrkelly/","wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.","administrator":"Administrator: Jared Isaacman","founding_year":"1958","launchers":"Space Shuttle | SLS","spacecraft":"Orion","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/scott_kelly_image_20220911033557.jpeg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190409.jpeg","last_flight":"2015-03-27T19:42:57Z","first_flight":"1999-12-20T00:50:00Z"},{"id":107,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/107/?format=json","name":"Dirk Frimout","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1941-03-21","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"Belgian","bio":"Dirk Dries David Damiaan, Viscount Frimout (born 21 March 1941 in Poperinge, Belgium) is an astrophysicist for the European Space Agency. He flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mision STS-45 as a payload specialist, making him the first Belgian in space.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk_Frimout","agency":{"id":27,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/27/?format=json","name":"European Space Agency","featured":false,"type":"Multinational","country_code":"FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,BEL,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,SVN","abbrev":"ESA","description":"The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.","administrator":"Director General: Josef Aschbacher","founding_year":"1975","launchers":"Ariane | Vega","spacecraft":"Space Rider","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/esa_patch_float_image_20250211192109.png"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/dirk2520frimout_image_20181128231547.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190220.jpeg","last_flight":"1992-03-24T13:13:39Z","first_flight":"1992-03-24T13:13:39Z"},{"id":484,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/484/?format=json","name":"Yi So-yeon","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1978-06-02","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"South Korean","bio":"Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space.\r\nYi was one of the two finalists chosen on December 25, 2006 through the Korean Astronaut Program. On September 5, 2007, the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology chose Ko San, over Yi So-yeon, following performance and other tests during their training in Russia.\r\n\r\nOn March 7, 2008, she was selected to train with the primary crew, and on March 10 the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology announced that Yi would replace Ko. This was after the Russian Federal Space Agency asked for a replacement, because Ko violated regulations several times at a Russian training center by removing sensitive reading materials and mailing one back to Korea. On April 8, 2008, Yi was launched into space on board Soyuz TMA-12 with two Russian cosmonauts. South Korea is reported to have paid Russia $20 million for Yi's space flight. She is the third woman, after Helen Sharman of the United Kingdom and Anousheh Ansari an Iranian American, to be the first national from their country in space.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon","agency":{"id":261,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/261/?format=json","name":"Korean Astronaut Program","featured":false,"type":"Government","country_code":"KOR","abbrev":"KAP","description":"The Korean Astronaut Program was an initiative by the South Korean government to send the first Korean into space via the Russian space program. In 2008, Yi So-yeon became the first and only Korean to go to space for 10 days.","administrator":null,"founding_year":"2006","launchers":"","spacecraft":"","parent":null,"image_url":null},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yi2520so-yeon_image_20181202184152.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191115.jpeg","last_flight":"2008-04-08T11:16:39Z","first_flight":"2008-04-08T11:16:39Z"},{"id":541,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/541/?format=json","name":"Kevin A. Ford","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1960-07-07","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Kevin Anthony Ford is a retired United States Air Force Colonel and a NASA astronaut. Ford has received a number of special honors and awards, some of which are the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal, Aerial Achievement Medal and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal. Ford has also logged more than 5,000 flying hours and also holds FAA commercial certificates for airplanes, helicopters and gliders. Ford has served in many roles at NASA since his selection in July 2000. The roles include as a Capsule Communicator or CAPCOM. He was also the Director Of Operations at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia from January 2004 to January 2005. He was pilot of STS-128 and Flight Engineer 2 of Soyuz TMA-06M from October 23, 2012 to March 16, 2013.","twitter":"https://twitter.com/kevin_astro7","instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_A._Ford","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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He watched the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo launches on his family’s tiny black-and-white TV; he devoured every space-related book he could get his hands on, as well as science fiction by Arthur C. Clarke, Isaac Asimov, and others; and he was a huge fan of the 1960s TV show Lost in Space. But it was the opportunity to do legislative research for U.S. Senator John Glenn – the former Mercury astronaut –that cemented his lifelong passion for space. During their friendship, the Senator encouraged Neil to try flying airplanes and predicted that space tourism would occur during Neil’s lifetime. Now, after flying aboard ‘Galactic 06,’ space travel has forever changed the way Neil looks at the universe and his place in it, just as Glenn told him it would. Among other things, Neil is a commercial pilot with thousands of flight hours and flies his own Gulfstream G550 jet. His spacesuit displays a USA flag patch as well as a patch honoring John Glenn.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":null,"agency":{"id":1024,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/1024/?format=json","name":"Virgin Galactic","featured":false,"type":"Private","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"VG","description":"Virgin Galactic is an American spaceflight company within the Virgin Group. It is developing commercial spacecraft and aims to provide suborbital spaceflights to space tourists. Virgin Galactic's suborbital spacecraft are air launched from beneath a carrier airplane known as White Knight Two.","administrator":"Founder: Richard Branson","founding_year":"2004","launchers":"VMS Eve","spacecraft":"VSS Enterprise | VSS Unity","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/virgin_galactic_image_20210522131723.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/neil_kornswiet_image_20240226161353.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190949.jpeg","last_flight":"2024-01-26T17:42:05Z","first_flight":"2024-01-26T17:42:05Z"},{"id":638,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/638/?format=json","name":"Starman","status":{"id":1,"name":"Active"},"type":{"id":6,"name":"Non-Human"},"date_of_birth":null,"date_of_death":null,"nationality":"Earthling","bio":"\"Starman\" is a mannequin dressed in a spacesuit occupying the driver's seat of Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster, launched to an heliocentric orbit on Falcon Heavy's inaugural launch.","twitter":"https://twitter.com/Tesla_Starman","instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/starman_by_spacex/","wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster","agency":{"id":121,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/121/?format=json","name":"SpaceX","featured":true,"type":"Commercial","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"SpX","description":"Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. SpaceX operates from many pads, on the East Coast of the US they operate from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and historic LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. They also operate from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, usually for polar launches. Another launch site is being developed at Boca Chica, Texas.","administrator":"CEO: Elon Musk","founding_year":"2002","launchers":"Falcon | Starship","spacecraft":"Dragon","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon_9_image_20230807133459.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starman_image_20190307220126.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190247.jpeg","last_flight":"2018-02-06T20:45:00Z","first_flight":"2018-02-06T20:45:00Z"},{"id":34,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/34/?format=json","name":"Jim Lovell","status":{"id":11,"name":"Deceased"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1928-03-25","date_of_death":"2025-08-07","nationality":"American","bio":"James Arthur Lovell Jr. is a former NASA astronaut, Naval Aviator, and retired Navy captain. Lovell is known for being the commander of the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission, which suffered a critical failure en route to the Moon but was brought back safely to Earth through the efforts of the crew and mission control. In addition to being part of the Apollo 13 crew, Lovell was the command module pilot of Apollo 8, the first Apollo mission to enter lunar orbit.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Lovell","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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Burbank","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1961-07-27","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"Daniel Christopher Burbank is a retired American astronaut and a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions. Burbank, a Captain in the United States Coast Guard, is the second Coast Guard astronaut after Bruce Melnick.\r\n\r\nBurbank was born in Manchester, Connecticut, and raised in Tolland, Connecticut, where he graduated from Tolland High School. He attended Fairfield University his freshman year before transferring to the United States Coast Guard Academy, where he earned his commission in 1985. In 1987, he went through flight training and became an instructor pilot, serving at various Coast Guard stations at Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City, Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod, and Coast Guard Air Station Sitka.","twitter":"https://twitter.com/AstroCoastie","instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_C._Burbank","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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Pawelczyk","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":5,"name":"Payload Specialist"},"date_of_birth":"1960-09-20","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"American","bio":"James Anthony \"Jim\" Pawelczyk (born September 20, 1960) is an American researcher of physiology and Kinesiology who flew aboard the NASA STS-90 Space Shuttle mission as a Payload Specialist.","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Pawelczyk","agency":{"id":44,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","featured":true,"type":"Government","country_code":"USA","abbrev":"NASA","description":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.","administrator":"Administrator: Jared Isaacman","founding_year":"1958","launchers":"Space Shuttle | SLS","spacecraft":"Orion","parent":null,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg"},"profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/james2520a.2520pawelczyk_image_20190211162428.jpeg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190315.jpeg","last_flight":"1998-04-17T18:19:00Z","first_flight":"1998-04-17T18:19:00Z"}]}