{"id":261,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/261/?format=json","name":"Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez","status":{"id":2,"name":"Retired"},"type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"agency":{"id":63,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","type":"Government"},"date_of_birth":"1942-01-29","date_of_death":null,"nationality":"Cuban","twitter":null,"instagram":null,"bio":"Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (born January 29, 1942) is a Cuban military officer, legislator, and former cosmonaut and the first person of African heritage in space. As a member of the crew of Soyuz 38, he became the first Cuban citizen and the first person from a country in the Western Hemisphere other than the United States to travel into Earth orbit.","profile_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/arnaldo2520tamayo2520m25c325a9ndez_image_20181201221921.jpg","profile_image_thumbnail":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191120.jpeg","wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaldo_Tamayo_M%C3%A9ndez","flights":[{"id":"71f3376c-8e3d-4aba-93b2-58d695e8898e","url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/launch/71f3376c-8e3d-4aba-93b2-58d695e8898e/?format=json","launch_library_id":952,"slug":"soyuz-u-soyuz-38","name":"Soyuz-U | Soyuz 38","status":{"id":3,"name":"Success"},"net":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z","window_end":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z","window_start":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z","inhold":false,"tbdtime":false,"tbddate":false,"probability":null,"holdreason":"","failreason":"","hashtag":null,"launch_service_provider":{"id":66,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/66/?format=json","name":"Soviet Space Program","type":"Government"},"rocket":{"id":275,"configuration":{"id":37,"launch_library_id":35,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/config/launcher/37/?format=json","name":"Soyuz U","family":"Soyuz","full_name":"Soyuz U","variant":""}},"mission":{"id":114,"launch_library_id":427,"name":"Soyuz 38","description":"Soyuz 38 was the 12th mission to visit the Salyut 6 space station and carried the EP-8 crew, which visited the long-duration Soyuz 35 resident crew. The mission began on September 18, 1980, 19:11:03 UTC, launching Commander Yuri Romanenko and Research Cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo MÃ©ndez, the first Cuban cosmonaut, into orbit. They docked with the station the next day. During their 7-day stay on the station, EP-8 crew carried out medical and other experiments, including Earth and solar observation, plant and crystal growing. \nThe mission concluded with a safe landing back on Earth on September 26, 1980, 15:54:27 UTC.","launch_designator":null,"type":"Human Exploration","orbit":{"id":8,"name":"Low Earth Orbit","abbrev":"LEO"}},"pad":{"id":32,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/pad/32/?format=json","agency_id":null,"name":"1/5","info_url":null,"wiki_url":"","map_url":"https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342","latitude":"45.92","longitude":"63.342","location":{"id":15,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/location/15/?format=json","name":"Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan","country_code":"KAZ","map_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg","total_launch_count":1565,"total_landing_count":0},"map_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg","total_launch_count":487},"webcast_live":false,"image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz2520u_image_20190222031023.jpeg","infographic":null,"program":[{"id":8,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/program/8/?format=json","name":"Soyuz","description":"The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.","agencies":[{"id":63,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","type":"Government"},{"id":66,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/66/?format=json","name":"Soviet Space Program","type":"Government"}],"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_program_20201129185543.png","start_date":"1966-11-28T11:02:00Z","end_date":null,"info_url":null,"wiki_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programme"},{"id":23,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/program/23/?format=json","name":"Salyut","description":"The Salyut programme was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from 1971 to 1986.","agencies":[{"id":66,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/66/?format=json","name":"Soviet Space Program","type":"Government"}],"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/salyut_program_20230506090532.png","start_date":"1971-04-19T01:40:00Z","end_date":"1986-07-16T12:34:05Z","info_url":null,"wiki_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_programme"}]}],"landings":[{"id":319,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/spacecraft/flight/319/?format=json","destination":"Salyut 6","mission_end":"1980-09-26T15:54:27Z","spacecraft":{"id":146,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/spacecraft/146/?format=json","name":"Soyuz 38","serial_number":"Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #54","status":{"id":4,"name":"Single Use"},"description":"Soyuz 38 was a Soyuz spacecraft which launched on 18 September 1980 19:11 UTC. It  transported two cosmonauts of EP-8 to Salyut 6. The crew was Yuri Romanenko and Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez.","spacecraft_config":{"id":1,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/config/spacecraft/1/?format=json","name":"Soyuz","type":{"id":2,"name":"Capsule"},"agency":{"id":63,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","type":"Government"},"in_use":false,"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg"}},"launch":{"id":"71f3376c-8e3d-4aba-93b2-58d695e8898e","url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/launch/71f3376c-8e3d-4aba-93b2-58d695e8898e/?format=json","launch_library_id":952,"slug":"soyuz-u-soyuz-38","name":"Soyuz-U | Soyuz 38","status":{"id":3,"name":"Success"},"net":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z","window_end":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z","window_start":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z","inhold":false,"tbdtime":false,"tbddate":false,"probability":null,"holdreason":"","failreason":"","hashtag":null,"launch_service_provider":{"id":66,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/66/?format=json","name":"Soviet Space Program","type":"Government"},"rocket":{"id":275,"configuration":{"id":37,"launch_library_id":35,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/config/launcher/37/?format=json","name":"Soyuz U","family":"Soyuz","full_name":"Soyuz U","variant":""}},"mission":{"id":114,"launch_library_id":427,"name":"Soyuz 38","description":"Soyuz 38 was the 12th mission to visit the Salyut 6 space station and carried the EP-8 crew, which visited the long-duration Soyuz 35 resident crew. The mission began on September 18, 1980, 19:11:03 UTC, launching Commander Yuri Romanenko and Research Cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo MÃ©ndez, the first Cuban cosmonaut, into orbit. They docked with the station the next day. During their 7-day stay on the station, EP-8 crew carried out medical and other experiments, including Earth and solar observation, plant and crystal growing. \nThe mission concluded with a safe landing back on Earth on September 26, 1980, 15:54:27 UTC.","launch_designator":null,"type":"Human Exploration","orbit":{"id":8,"name":"Low Earth Orbit","abbrev":"LEO"}},"pad":{"id":32,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/pad/32/?format=json","agency_id":null,"name":"1/5","info_url":null,"wiki_url":"","map_url":"https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342","latitude":"45.92","longitude":"63.342","location":{"id":15,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/location/15/?format=json","name":"Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan","country_code":"KAZ","map_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg","total_launch_count":1565,"total_landing_count":0},"map_image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg","total_launch_count":487},"webcast_live":false,"image":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz2520u_image_20190222031023.jpeg","infographic":null,"program":[{"id":8,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/program/8/?format=json","name":"Soyuz","description":"The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.","agencies":[{"id":63,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","type":"Government"},{"id":66,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/66/?format=json","name":"Soviet Space Program","type":"Government"}],"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_program_20201129185543.png","start_date":"1966-11-28T11:02:00Z","end_date":null,"info_url":null,"wiki_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programme"},{"id":23,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/program/23/?format=json","name":"Salyut","description":"The Salyut programme was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from 1971 to 1986.","agencies":[{"id":66,"url":"https://lldev.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/66/?format=json","name":"Soviet Space Program","type":"Government"}],"image_url":"https://thespacedevs-dev.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/salyut_program_20230506090532.png","start_date":"1971-04-19T01:40:00Z","end_date":"1986-07-16T12:34:05Z","info_url":null,"wiki_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_programme"}]}}],"last_flight":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z","first_flight":"1980-09-18T19:11:03Z"}